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IRIS Spécial - Propriété des médias - Réalités du marché et réponses réglementaires (2017)

European Audiovisual Observatory
Format : Paper Papier Papier
978-92-871-8401-6
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
French
Size :
A4
Number of pages :
138
Observatoire européen de l'audiovisuel
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Le pluralisme des médias représente pour le secteur audiovisuel l'un des piliers de la liberté d'expression. Cette notion englobe, d’une part, la mise à disposition par les différents acteurs des médias d’un vaste choix en matière de programmation et suppose, d’autre part, la présence effective d'une multitude d'opérateurs de manière à empêcher toute forme de concentration excessive sur le marché.

Le pluralisme des médias en soi a été largement examiné par la législation et la jurisprudence tant au niveau national qu'européen. Il est par ailleurs nécessaire de garantir la transparence du financement des différents fournisseurs de médias et d’avoir une bonne connaissance de la structure de la propriété des média et de leur contrôle ou influence.

A cette fin, la plupart des pays ont mis en place des outils et des mécanismes visant à la collecte des informations nécessaires et permettant ainsi également à l'Observatoire européen de l'audiovisuel (OEA) d’assembler une certaine partie de ces données. D'autres sources d'information ont également été mises à disposition par les instances réglementaires de l’ensemble de l’Europe ; la jurisprudence administrative relative aux questions de concurrence vient par ailleurs compléter ce tableau.

Le présent IRIS Spécial offre une vue d’ensemble des réalités actuelles du marché et un choix de textes réglementaires adoptés en Europe pour faire face à cette situation depuis la publication du rapport de l'Observatoire « Marchés convergents – pouvoir convergent ? Régulation et jurisprudence » de 2012. Cette nouvelle publication a été élaborée par l'Institut du droit européen des médias (EMR) à Sarrebruck et compile les contributions de divers auteurs.

IRIS Spécial se concentre sur une sélection de pays européens choisis afin de présenter un ensemble d'approches différentes :
Allemagne, Royaume-Uni, Italie, France, Espagne et Pologne.

Sommaire

1. Introduction : la propriété des médias au sein des marchés européens
     1.1.Introduction
     1.2. Examen de la propriété, des données et de la transparence des médias
     1.3. Les systèmes nationaux et la concentration des médias
     1.4. Les groupes paneuropéens de médias audiovisuels
2. La garantie du pluralisme au niveau européen
     2.1. Introduction
     2.2. Dispositif juridique
     2.3. Politique de prévention de la concentration des médias au niveau de l'Union européenne
     2.4. Les approches liées à la prévention de la concentration des médias au niveau de l'Europe
     2.5. L'influence significative des marchés connexes pertinents
     2.6. Conclusion
3. Les instruments de mesure et visant à rendre publique la concentration des médias : l'exemple du dispositif de suivi Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM)
     3.1. Introduction
     3.2. Pourquoi mesurer la concentration de la propriété des médias ? Les raisons d’être du « domaine de la pluralité du marché »
     3.3. Comment mesurer la concentration de la propriété des médias : La méthodologie applicable au « domaine de la pluralité du marché »
     3.4. Les résultats de la mise en œuvre du dispositif de suivi Media Pluralism Monitor 2015
     3.5. Le bilan des enseignements tirés : La mise en œuvre du dispositif de suivi Media Pluralism Monitor 2016
4. La concentration des médias en Allemagne
     4.1. Fondements constitutionnels de la garantie du pluralisme d'opinion
     4.2. Les marchés des médias
     4.3. Cadre juridique de prévention de la concentration des médias
     4.4. Décision de la KEK dans l'affaire Springer/ProSiebenSat.1
     4.5. Projets de réforme
     4.6. Autres facteurs pertinents pour les médias
     4.7. Restrictions des participations dans le secteur des médias
5. La concentration des médias au Royaume-Uni
     5.1. Le contexte constitutionnel             
     5.2. Les marchés convergents des médias audiovisuels
     5.3. La législation visant à prévenir la concentration des médias
     5.4. Les principales décisions
     5.5. Le débat actuel
     5.6. Les restrictions particulières en matière de propriété
     5.7. Considérations diverses
6. La concentration des médias en Italie
     6.1. Le contexte constitutionnel
     6.2. Les marchés convergents de l’audiovisuel et des médias
     6.3. La législation visant à prévenir la concentration des médias
     6.4. L’importance des facteurs et des marchés spécifiques aux médias
     6.5. Les restrictions et les obstacles spécifiques en matière de propriété des médias
     6.6. Le débat actuel
7. La concentration des médias en France
     7.1. Résumé
     7.2. Le contexte constitutionnel
     7.3. La délimitation des marchés et les effets de la convergence
     7.4. Le contrôle et la prévention des concentrations dans le secteur audiovisuel
8. La concentration des médias en Espagne
     8.1. Le contexte constitutionnel
     8.2. Les marchés convergents de l’audiovisuel et des médias
     8.3. La législation visant à prévenir la concentration des médias
     8.4. Les principales décisions
     8.5. Le débat actuel
     8.6. Les restrictions et les obstacles spécifiques en matière de propriété des médias
     8.7. Références
9. La concentration des médias en Pologne
     9.1. Le contexte constitutionnel
     9.2. Les marchés convergents de l’audiovisuel et des médias
     9.3. La législation visant à prévenir la concentration des médias
     9.4. Le débat actuel
10. Conclusions
     10.1. Importance de la garantie du pluralisme des médias
     10.2. Importance de la garantie du pluralisme au niveau européen
     10.3. Principales caractéristiques observées dans les pays étudiés
     10.4. Les défis posés par le développement de la convergence

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