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Catalog

IRIS Plus 2017-1 - Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen des Urheberrechts (2017)

European Audiovisual Observatory
978-92-871-8471-9
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
German
Size :
A4
Number of pages :
94
Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle
5.00 € / 5.00 $US
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Im September letzten Jahres hat Andrus Ansip, der für den digitalen Binnenmarkt zuständige Vizepräsident der Kommission, angekündigt, „die Bestimmungen des europäischen Urheberrechts an die neue digitale Welt anzupassen“.  Er verwies auf die vielen Herausforderungen hinsichtlich digitaler Inhalte: „Europäische Kreativinhalte sollten nicht unzugänglich sein, müssen aber umfassend geschützt werden, insbesondere, um bessere Vergütungsmöglichkeiten für die europäischen Urheber zu erreichen.“ Die Europäische Kommission hat ihr neues Urheberrechtspaket im September 2016 vorgelegt. Die Vorschläge werden derzeit vom Europäischen Parlament und dem Ministerrat geprüft.

Als Orientierungshilfe bei diesem komplexen Verfahren hat die Europäischen Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle ihren letzten IRIS Plus-Bericht veröffentlicht: Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen des Urheberrechts.

Der Bericht ist angesichts der zumeist komplexen urheberrechtlichen Bestimmungen für Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen in Europa eine wertvolle Hilfe.

Er bietet einen allgemeinen Überblick über die Hintergründe und die Entwicklung von Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen im Urheberrecht (Kapitel 1) in den zahlreichen internationalen Vereinbarungen und EU-Richtlinien zu diesem Themenkomplex (Kapitel 2); weiter wird dargestellt, wie die einschlägigen Regelungen auf nationaler Ebene umgesetzt wurden (Kapitel 3). Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Herausforderungen im Zuge der digitalen Revolution wie die Anpassung der Regelungen für vorübergehende Vervielfältigungshandlungen, private Kopien sowie Ausnahmen für Einrichtungen des Kulturerbes an eine Online-Umgebung.

1. Hintergrund
     1.1. Die Ursprünge des Urheberrechts
          1.1.1. Von Gutenbergs Druckerpresse zum Statute of Anne
          1.1.2. Ein Abendessen im Hause Beaumarchais
     1.2. Ein außergewöhnliches Eigentumsrecht
     1.3. Die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen bestimmter urheberrechtlicher Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen in der Europäischen Union
          1.3.1. Der Zugang zu Werken des Filmerbes im digitalen Zeitalter
          1.3.2. Privatkopien
2. Internationaler und europäischer Rechtsrahmen
     2.1. Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen auf internationaler Ebene
          2.1.1. Die Berner Übereinkunft
          2.1.2. Ausweitung des Anwendungsbereichs des Drei-Stufen-Tests unter dem TRIPS-Abkommen
          2.1.3. Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen im digitalen Zeitalter: die WIPO Internet-Abkommen
          2.1.4. Neue verbindliche Ausnahmen für blinde und sehbehinderte Menschen im Vertrag von Marrakesch
     2.2. Ausnahmen im Bereich der Urheber-und der verwandten Schutzrechte im EU-Recht
          2.2.1. Allgemeiner Überblick
          2.2.2. Die wichtigsten Ausnahmen mit Bezug zur Digitaltechnik
3. Einzelstaatlicher Rechtsrahmen
     3.1. Allgemeiner Überblick
     3.2. Einzelstaatliche Umsetzungen bestimmter Ausnahmen vom Urheberrecht im Überblick
          3.2.1. Ausnahme für vorübergehende Vervielfältigungshandlungen (vorübergehende Kopien)
          3.2.2. Ausnahme für Vervielfältigungen zum privaten Gebrauch (Privatkopien)
          3.2.3. Ausnahmen für Einrichtungen des Kulturerbes
          3.2.4. Ausnahmen für die Berichterstattung über Tagesereignisse, Zitate für Kritiken oder Besprechungen und Parodien
4. Die Rolle von Selbst-und Koregulierung
     4.1. Ein allgemeiner Überblick über EU-Strategien
     4.2. Absichtserklärung über vergriffene Bücher
     4.3. Zugang zu geschützten Werken für Menschen mit Lesebehinderung
     4.4. Lizenzen für Europa
          4.4.1. Erleichterung der Digitalisierung von Werken des audiovisuellen Erbes und des Zugangs zu ihnen
          4.4.2. Text-und Data-Mining zu Forschungszwecken
     4.5. Initiativen für „offene“ Urheberrechtslizenzen
          4.5.1. „Freie“ und „Open Source“ Software sowie „Copyleft“-Lizenzen
          4.5.2. „Creative Commons” (CC) -Lizenzen
5. Rechtsprechung
     5.1. Allgemeine Grundsätze
     5.2. Karikaturen, Parodien oder Pastiches
     5.3. Privatkopien
          5.3.1. Padawan gegen SGAE
          5.3.2. EGEDA u.a. gegen Administración del Estado u.a.
          5.3.3. ACI Adam gegen Stichting de Thuiskopie
6. Aktueller Sachstand
     6.1. Ausnahmen des Urheberrechts im Kontext des digitalen Binnenmarkts
     6.2. Grundsatz-und Strategiedokumente zum Thema Ausnahmen und Beschränkungen
          6.2.1. Vom Grünbuch zu den Vitorino-Empfehlungen
          6.2.2. Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Strategie für einen digitalen Binnenmarkt
     6.3. Das Urheberrechtspaket
          6.3.1. Begründung der vier neuen Pflichtausnahmen
          6.3.2. Text-und Data-Mining im Bereich der wissenschaftlichen Forschung
          6.3.3. Digitale und grenzübergreifende Nutzung im Bildungsbereich
          6.3.4. Bewahrung des Kulturerbes
          6.3.5. Zugängliche Formate für Menschen mit Behinderungen
     6.4. Offene Punkte
          6.4.1. Die E-Verleihausnahme
          6.4.2. Die Panoramaausnahme
          6.4.3. Die Ausnahme für Privatkopien
     6.5. Zum Stand des Gesetzgebungsverfahrens

Abbildungen
Abbildung 1. Ausnahmen vom Urheberrecht in der EU-28
Abbildung 2. Die Panorama-Ausnahme in der Welt

Tabellen
Tabelle 1. Beschränkungen und Ausnahmen nach der Berner Übereinkunft im Überblick
Tabelle 2. Modelle mit Tarifsätzen
Tabelle 3. Länder mit Abgabesätzen in Prozent im Überblick
Tabelle 4. Bedingungen für Creative Commons-Lizenzen
Tabelle 5. Urteile des Europäischen Gerichtshofes zu Privatkopien
Tabelle 6. Die drei Pfeiler des digitalen Binnenmarkts
Tabelle 7. Instrumente und Ziele des Urheberrechtspakets im Überblick
Tabelle 8. Vergütungssysteme für Verleger in der EU-28