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Désinformation et campagnes électorales (2019)

International Law
Format : Paper PDF Papier Epub
978-92-871-8910-3
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
French
Size :
16 x 24
Number of pages :
50
Yves-Marie Doublet
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Comment lutter contre les « fake news » ? Quel est leur pouvoir d’ingérence dans les processus démocratiques, notamment les élections?

Depuis l’été 2016, les infox désignent la diffusion virale et délibérée de fausses nouvelles sur internet et dans les médias sociaux, dans le but, par exemple, de discréditer un parti politique, d’entacher la réputation d’une personne ou de remettre en cause une vérité scientifique. Cette pratique, qui empêche les citoyens de prendre des décisions éclairées, s’est beaucoup répandue. Son impact en est d’autant plus important que sa diffusion est extrêmement rapide et que l’identification des auteurs de telles initiatives et du matériel numérique utilisé est très difficile.

Ce rapport s’efforce de répondre aux questions soulevées par ce phénomène – tout spécialement pendant les campagnes électorales – et présente des propositions pour mettre en place un cadre juridique au niveau européen.
INTRODUCTION
1. APERÇU GÉNÉRAL DE LA SITUATION
1.1. Données techniques
1.2. Données politiques
1.3. Intensification du processus
1.4. Réponses possibles
2. RECOMMANDATIONS
2.1. Définition des termes
2.2. Transparence
2.3. Durée des campagnes électorales
2.4. Dépenses consacrées aux campagnes électorales numériques
2.5. Protection des citoyens à l’égard du traitement des données à caractère personnel régi par le Règlement général européen sur la protection des données (RGPD)
2.6. Principes fondamentaux relatifs aux algorithmes et à l’intelligence artificielle
2.7. Procédure sommaire en cas d’urgence
2.8. Coopération avec les différents intervenants
2.9. Conformité avec le droit européen
2.10. Mise en application
2.11. Synthèse des propositions
3. PROGRAMME D’ACTION
CONCLUSION

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