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IRIS Special - Legal aspects of Video on Demand (2008)

  • Online only
European Audiovisual Observatory
Format : Paper Papier Papier
978-92-871-6391-2
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
English
Size :
A4
Number of pages :
91
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Key questions addressed by this IRIS Special:1. What rights does a VoD provider need? 2. Are contractual standards already in place?3. What role is played by exploitation windows? 4. What rules determine the relations between different competitors?5. What experiences from the music industry are useful?6. How are VoD customers protected?7. What are the consequences of the newly created dual role of consumer/producer?The aim of this IRIS Special is to examine in detail the main legal issues related to VoD services. Particular attention is paid to questions linked to copyright law, competition law and consumer protection. The study of contractual arrangements chosen by the VoD industry, particularly in France, the United Kingdom and Germany, describes various legal approaches and gives this IRIS Special a high degree of practical relevance.

The Legal Bonds between Business Partners, Competitors and Users
Report on the joint workshop of the EAO, EMR and IViR, Berlin, 15 June 2007

Parameters for Business Models

  • More than 150 Services Operational in Europe
  • The Respective Advantages and Disadvantages of the Platforms
  • The Players
  • Three Types of Economic Models Emerge
    4.1. Rental
    4.2. Purchase
    4.3. VoD free of charge (also called FoD - "free on demand")

    • YouTube and User Generated Content Platform - New Kids on the Block ?

  • General Description of YouTube
    1.1. The Service
    1.2. The Company
  • Revenue Model
  • Copyright Infringement
    3.1. Introduction: the US Perspective
    3.2. U.S. Online Service Providers' Safe Harbors
    3.3. Example of Infringement Complaints: In re Viacom
    3.4. The E-Commerce Directive
    3.5. Use of Acoustic Fingerprints and "Claim your Content" Filtering System
  • Right to Information, Freedoms of Expression and Speech
  • Conclusion

    • Copyright Clearance and the Role of Copyright Societies

  • The Definition of Video-on-Demand and its Importance for Licence Agreements
  • The Role of the Copyright Societies
    2.1 German Film Production (Cinema)
    2.2 German Film Production (TV-Stations' own or commissioned productions)
    2.3 US Film Production
    2.4 IFTA-provision on music right
  • VoD and "orphan works"

    • Licences and Media Windows

  • Current Issues of Video on Demand Services
  • Necessary Scope of Licences for Video on Demand
    2.1. Video on Demand as a Type of Use?
    2.2. New Type of Use?
    2.3. Relevant Exploitation Rights for Video on Demand
  • Priority in the Exploitation Chain/Media Windows
    3.1. Media Windows in Media Regulation
    3.2. Media Windows in Distribution or other Exploitation Agreements
  • Per Country vs. European-wide Licensing
    4.1. Traditional "Territorial Pricing"
    4.2. Effect: Price Discrimination
    4.3. Principle of European-wide Exhaustion
    4.4. Territorial Price Differences in Digital Distribution: European Commission Statement of Objections regarding iTunes

    • The Music Industry's Experien

  • Introduction
  • Developments in the Music Industry
    2.1. The Advent of the Internet
    2.2. Moving Towards a "Licensing Business"
  • Approach for the European Film Industry
    3.1. Size May Matter
    3.2. Existing Initiatives in Europe
    3.3. A European Approach?
  • Conclusion

    • Transferability of the Music Industry's Experience to the Film Sector

  • Introduction
  • Characteristics of the Film Industry
    2.1. "Patchwork" Financing Dilutes the Control of Rights
    2.2. Costs of Releasing a Film Vary Widely from One Country to Another
    2.3. Timing and Territorial Scope of Release
  • Can Independents Retain VoD Rights?
  • Examples of Emergent Business Models
    4.1. The Cooperative Model - Three Roles in One
    4.2. Licensing VoD Rights for a Limited Period of Time
    4.3. Volume Matters, But Will It Suffice to Get Better Revenue Sharing Terms?
    4.4. The Concept of Exclusivity - Will It Work Now or Later?

    • The Changing Role of the User in the "Television without Frontiers" Directive

  • Introduction
  • The Changing Role of the User of Audiovisual Services
    2.1 From "Eyeball" to Consumer
    2.2 From Consumer to Prosumer
  • The Changing Role of Users and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive
    3.1 Scope
    3.2 Image of the User
    3.3 Character of Intervention
    3.4 Conclusion

    • The Position of Public Service Broadcasters

  • Effective Collective Rights Management
    (1) One-stop-shop principle for rights administered by collecting societies
    (2) Incidental reproduction
    (3) Good governance of collecting societies
  • Simplified Rights Clearance
    (4) On-line delivery of broadcasts (streaming/simulcasting/on-demand)
    (5) Simultaneous retransmission of broadcasts over any "new media" platforms
    (6) Rights in broadcasters' own archive programmes
  • Balance of Interests: Protection as well Openness
    (7) WIPO Broadcasters' Treaty
    (8) Digital Rights Management

    • Current Issues under French Law

  • Cases against Video Sharing Services
  • Industry Agreements / Compulsory Collective Administration