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PDF - Enquêtes effectives sur les mauvais traitements - Lignes directrices fondées sur les normes européennes (2e édition) (2014)

Penal Law and criminology
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142714FRA
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Erik Svanidze
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Ces lignes directrices sont un outil pratique pour les décideurs politiques et les parties prenantes du secteur de la Justice pour les soutenir dans la mise en place d’un système national efcace d’enquête sur les allégations de mauvais traitements infigés par les organes des forces de l’ordre dans le but de lutter contre l’impunité.

Elles sont fondées sur la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, sur les normes du Comité européen pour la prévention de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants et sur le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques.

AVANT-PROPOS
ABRÉVIATIONS
LIGNES DIRECTRICES FONDÉES SUR LES NORMES INTERNATIONALES
NOTE EXPLICATIVE
     Cadre juridique
     I. Origines de l’'obligation d'’enquêter dans les cas de mauvais traitements
          1.1 Caractère absolu de l'’interdiction des mauvais traitements
          1.2 Obligation d’'enquêter en cas de mauvais traitements
     II. Faciliter les perspectives pour une enquête effective et l’'accès aux mécanismes d’'enquête
          2.1 Considérations générales
          2.2 Protections fondamentales contre les mauvais traitements
          2.3 Autres dispositions
     III. L’'enquête: raisons d’'être et objectifs
          3.1 Raisons d'’être de l’'enquête
          3.2 Principaux objectifs des enquêtes
     IV. Mesurer l’'efficacité: les critères décisifs
          4.1 Indépendance et impartialité
          4.2 Exhaustivité
          4.3 Célérité
          4.4 Compétence
          4.5 Implication de la victime et contrôle du public
     V. Formes d’'enquête et de sanction
          5.1 Modalités de procédure de l’'enquête
          5.2 Systèmes d’'enquête
     VI. Garantir l’'efficacité
     VII. Obligation de dissuader
          7.1 Cadre législatif
          7.2 Caractère approprié des peines
ANNEXES
Annexe 1: Lutte contre l’'impunité
Annexe 2: le règlement indépendant et efficace des plaintes contre la police
Annexe 3: Principes relatifs aux moyens d’'enquêter efficacement sur la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants pour établir la
réalité des faits
Annexe 4: Application de l’'article 2 par les États parties de la Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants
Annexe 5: Lignes directrices du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe pour éliminer l’'impunité pour les violations graves des droits de l'’homme
Annexe 6: Rassembler et signaler les indices médicaux de mauvais traitements

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