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Journalists under pressure - Unwarranted interference, fear and self-censorship in Europe (2017)

Human Rights and Democracy
Format : Paper PDF Epub
978-92-871-8398-9
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
English
Size :
16 x 24 cm
Number of pages :
86
Marilyn Clark and Anna Grech
19.00 € / 38.00 $US
Tax excluded

Freedom of expression is one of the basic conditions for the progress of society. Without safeguards for the safety of journalists there can be no free media.

Journalists are under threat in Europe. Different forms of violence against journalists have increased significantly over the last decade: from physical attacks, to intimidation and harassment, targeted surveillance and cyberbullying, we now see a range of tactics deployed to silence critical voices and free speech. Together with impunity for the perpetrators of unwarranted interference on journalists, these are among the most serious challenges facing media freedom today. Self-censorship is hardly surprising in such circumstances.

This study, conducted among almost 1 000 journalists and other news providers in the 47 Council of Europe member states and Belarus, sheds new light on how these issues impact on journalists’ behaviour. The results of the study provide quantitative evidence on such unwarranted interference, fear and how this relates to consequent self-censorship. These striking results confirm the urgent need for member states to fully implement Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 on the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other media actors, and represent an essential and reliable tool for strategic planning in this field to guarantee freedom of expression.

Contents

LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
FOREWORD
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
   Background
   Working definitions
   Project purpose and design
   The sample
   Results
   Recommendations
INTRODUCTION
   Journalism as a prerequisite for democracy
   The Council of Europe’s work and standards on the safety of journalists
   The extent and nature of violence against journalists
   Self-censorship
   Definition of key terms
CHAPTER 1 – METHODOLOGY
   1.1. Research agenda
   1.2. Research tool
   1.3. Sampling methodology
   1.4. Procedure
   1.5. Ethical considerations
CHAPTER 2 – RESULTS
   Introduction
   2.1. Part 1 – Descriptive statistics
   2.2. Part 2 – Statistical breakdown
CHAPTER 3 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
   3.1. Conclusions
   3.2. Limitations
   3.3. Recommendations for further research
   3.4. Final note
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
   Appendix A – Regions journalists reported from
   Appendix B – Survey questionnaire

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