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Catalog

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PDF - Protéger les droits de l'homme en temps de crise économique (2014)

Commissioner for Human Rights
Format : PDF PDF
27814FRA
Type of document :
Document
Format :
PDF
Language :
French
Size :
762 KB
Number of pages :
64
Commissaire aux droits de l’homme du Conseil de l’Europe
Free

L’Europe connaît actuellement la plus grave récession économique depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L’effondrement du système financier mondial en 2008 a fait place à une nouvelle réalité politique placée sous le signe de l’austérité, qui menace plus de soixante ans de solidarité sociale et de développement de la protection des droits de l’homme dans les Etats membres du Conseil de l’Europe.

Les  mesures  d’austérité  exacerbent  encore  les  graves  conséquences,  sur  le  plan humain, d’une crise économique caractérisée par un taux de chômage record. Elles portent atteinte à l’ensemble des droits de l’homme et touchent de manière disproportionnée de nombreux groupes sociaux vulnérables. La pauvreté s’aggrave, notamment parmi les enfants, et risque d’avoir des effets à long terme. La crise altère aussi la capacité de l’Etat et des collectivités locales à protéger les droits de l’homme.

Les droits de l’homme définissent un cadre normatif universel et des limites concrètes dont les gouvernements doivent tenir compte lorsqu’ils mettent en œuvre des politiques économiques et sociales. Ce document thématique donne aux gouvernements des conseils pratiques pour choisir, parmi les solutions qui s’offrent à eux, celles qui leur permettront de respecter les droits de l’homme dans un contexte de crise économique. Il souligne aussi le rôle essentiel des ombudsmans, des commissions des droits de l’homme et des organismes de promotion de l’égalité.

Le Commissaire aux droits de l’homme a élaboré une série de recommandations concrètes qui proposent aux gouvernements une nouvelle voie leur permettant de concilier leurs politiques de reprise économique avec leurs engagements en matière de droits de l’homme. Il est nécessaire de donner un nouvel élan au modèle social européen, fondé sur la dignité humaine, la solidarité intergénérationnelle et l’accès à la justice pour tous.

Liste d’abréviations
Résumé
Recommandations du Commissaire
Introduction
1. Conséquences des mesures d’austérité et de la crise économique sur la jouissance des droits de l’homme
1.1. Typologie de l’austérité
1.2. Droits économiques, sociaux et culturels
1.3. Droits civils et politiques
1.4. Effets disproportionnés sur les groupes défavorisés et marginalisés
1.5. Interdépendance des droits de l’homme et effets intergénérationnels de l’austérité
1.6. Impacts sur la capacité de l’Etat et le système de protection des droits de l’homme
2. Normes et jurisprudence relatives aux droits de l’homme en période d’austérité
2.1. Les droits de l’homme en tant qu’impératifs juridiques et objectifs politiques d’ordre supérieur
2.2. Les normes relatives aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels en période d’austérité
2.3. Droits civils et politiques
2.4. Droits à la participation, à la transparence et au respect du principe de responsabilité
2.5. Egalité, non-discrimination et mesures positives
3. Mettre en œuvre les droits de l’homme en temps de crise économique
3.1. Institutionnaliser la transparence, l’accès à l’information et la participation
3.2. Réaliser systématiqueemnt des études d’impact sur les droits de l’homme et l’égalité
3.3. Examiner systématiquement des études d’impact sur les droits de l’homme et l’égalité
3.4. Promouvoir l’égalité et combattre la discrimination et le racisme
3.5. Garantir une protection sociale minimale pour tous
3.6. Garantir le droit à un travail décent
3.7. Garantir l’accès à la justice pour tous et maintenir le système de protection des droits de l’homme
3.8. Faire participer la société civile et soutenir ses activités
3.9. Réglementer la finance dans l’intérêt des droits de l’homme
3.10. Coopération et assistance intergouvernementale
4. Rôle des structures nationales des droits de l’homme
4.1. Promotion et protection des droits de l’homme par les SNDH en période de crise
4.2. Possibilités de promouvoir des réponses à la crise compatibles avec les droits de l’homme
4.3. Donner aux SNDH des moyens d’agir en période d’austérité budgétaire
Annexe 1 - Charte sociale européenne : signatures et ratifications
Annexe 2 – Code européen de sécurité sociale (STE n° 48) : signatures et ratifications
Annexe 3 – Protocole facultatif se rapportant au Pacte relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels : signatures et ratifications

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