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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/191-violence-against-women-and-domestic-violence
[name] => Violence against women and domestic violence
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(
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[3] => Array
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(
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/192-trafficking-in-human-beings
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(
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[6] => Array
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/180-democracy-through-law
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(
)
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[1] => Array
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(
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[4] => Array
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[id] => 193
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/194-living-together-diversity-and-freedom-in-europe
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(
)
)
[1] => Array
(
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[desc] =>
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(
)
)
[2] => Array
(
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/205-drugs
[name] => Drugs
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(
)
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[3] => Array
(
[id] => 196
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/196-migration
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(
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[4] => Array
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[id] => 190
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/190-gender-equality
[name] => Gender Equality
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(
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[5] => Array
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[id] => 197
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/197-council-of-europe-development-bank
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(
)
)
[6] => Array
(
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[name] => LGBT
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(
)
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[7] => Array
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[id] => 223
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/223-people-with-disabilities
[name] => People with disabilities
[desc] =>
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)
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[5] => Array
(
[id] => 198
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/198-internet-media
[name] => Internet, Media
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[0] => Array
(
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/199-internet
[name] => Internet
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)
)
[1] => Array
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[id] => 200
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/200-children-and-the-internet
[name] => Children and the Internet
[desc] =>
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(
)
)
[2] => Array
(
[id] => 201
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/201-media-freedom
[name] => Media freedom
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(
)
)
[3] => Array
(
[id] => 202
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/202-cybercrime
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(
)
)
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[6] => Array
(
[id] => 203
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(
[0] => Array
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/204-bioethics
[name] => Bioethics
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(
)
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[1] => Array
(
[id] => 206
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/206-pharmaceutical-and-healthcare-europe
[name] => Pharmaceutical and healthcare Europe
[desc] =>
[children] => Array
(
)
)
[2] => Array
(
[id] => 207
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/207-health-protection
[name] => Health protection
[desc] =>
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(
)
)
)
)
[7] => Array
(
[id] => 208
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/208-culture-heritage-nature
[name] => Culture, Heritage, Nature
[desc] =>
[children] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[id] => 210
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/210-european-cultural-convention
[name] => European Cultural Convention
[desc] =>
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(
)
)
[1] => Array
(
[id] => 211
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/211-intercultural-and-interreligious-dialogue
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(
)
)
[2] => Array
(
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/212-biological-diversity-bern-convention
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[children] => Array
(
)
)
[3] => Array
(
[id] => 214
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/214-climate-change
[name] => Climate change
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(
)
)
)
)
[8] => Array
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/215-council-of-europe-and-the-eu
[name] => Council of Europe and the EU
[desc] =>
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(
[0] => Array
(
[id] => 216
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/216-council-of-europe-and-european-union-different-roles-shared-values
[name] => Council of Europe and European Union : different roles, shared values
[desc] =>
[children] => Array
(
)
)
[1] => Array
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/217-eu-accession-to-the-european-convention-on-human-rights
[name] => EU accession to the European Convention on Human Rights
[desc] =>
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(
)
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[0] => Array
(
[id] => 219
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/219-national-minorities
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[1] => Array
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[id] => 220
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/220-minority-languages
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[2] => Array
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[10] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[id] => 226
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/226-teaching-history
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[11] => Array
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[1] => Array
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/175-european-prison-reform
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)
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(
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[1] => Array
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(
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1
Catalog
The protection of witnesses and collaborators of justice - recommendation Rec(2005)9 and explanatory memorandum (2005)
In order to combat terrorism, states often rely on the testimony of people who are closely connected to terrorist groups and who are more vulnerable than others to the use of intimidation against them or against people close to them. This may endanger the success of prosecutions often based on long and complicated investigations. Strengthening international co-operation in this field is also a useful means to ensure the protection of those persons whose protection would prove difficult on a merely national basis, given the conditions in the country where they are located.The Council of Europe has extensive experience in this area, based on existing European conventions and other standards. On that basis, and having drawn up a survey of national laws and practice in member and observer states, the Council of Europe has drawn up a new standard, Recommendation Rec(2005)9 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the protection of witnesses and collaborators of justice, which is the subject of this publication.
In order to combat terrorism, states often rely on the testimony of people who are closely connected to terrorist groups and who are more vulnerable than others to the use of intimidation against them or against people close to them. This may endanger the success of prosecutions often based on long and complicated investigations. Strengthening international co-operation in this field is also a useful means to ensure the protection of those persons whose protection would prove difficult on a merely national basis, given the conditions in the country where they are located.The Council of Europe has extensive experience in this area, based on existing European conventions and other standards. On that basis, and having drawn up a survey of national laws and practice in member and observer states, the Council of Europe has drawn up a new standard, Recommendation Rec(2005)9 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the protection of witnesses and collaborators of justice, which is the subject of this publication.
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