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Le rôle du ministère public en dehors du système de justice pénale - Recommandation CM/Rec(2012)11 et exposé des motifs (2014)

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La Recommandation CM/Rec(2012)11 sur le rôle du ministère public en dehors du système de justice pénale complète la Recommandation Rec(2000)19 sur le rôle du ministère public dans le système de justice pénale qui a été adoptée à l’automne 2000. Combinées, ces deux recommandations forment des normes européennes pour les activités du ministère public, avec un ensemble de principes définissant le statut, les attributions et la pratique du ministère public dans tous les domaines du droit dans un État démocratique moderne. Quelle que soit la nature de ses compétences – en droit pénal, civil, administratif ou autres – le ministère public doit s’en acquitter en respectant pleinement les principes de la prééminence du droit, des droits de l’homme et d’autres principes fondamentaux pour toute société démocratique.

La présente recommandation repose sur un certain nombre de sources ainsi que sur la pratique des ministères publics de nombreux États membres du Conseil de l’Europe qui ont des responsabilités étendues en dehors du système de justice pénale. Un rapport, élaboré en 2008 à la demande du Conseil consultatif de procureurs européens (CCPE) du Conseil de l’Europe, a d’ailleurs non seulement mis en exergue la diversité des systèmes juridiques dans les États membres mais a également montré que les ministères publics dans la plupart des 47 États membres du Conseil de l’Europe ont des responsabilités dépassant le système de justice pénale de leurs pays. Ces attributions sont fondées sur différentes branches du droit et visent à protéger l’intérêt public de même que les droits et intérêts légitimes des individus, en particulier ceux qui appartiennent aux groupes de populations socialement vulnérables.

Dans son ensemble, la recommandation représente un pas en avant dans le renforcement de la protection des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales, puisque la façon dont le ministère public exerce son rôle, dans le système de justice pénale et en dehors, est cruciale pour la protection de ces droits et libertés.

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