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PDF - Les droits humains dès la conception de l'IA - une protection durable des droits humains à l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle (2023)

Commissioner for Human Rights
Format : PDF PDF
DH_AI_CommDH_FRA
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Document
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French
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42
Commissaire aux droits de l'homme du Conseil de l'Europe
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Recommandation de suivi à la Recommandation « Décoder l’intelligence artificialle : 10 mesures pour protéger les droits de l’homme »

Le développement technologique s’accélère et l’intelligence artificielle (IA) joue un rôle de plus en plus important dans tous les aspects de notre vie, y compris dans l’administration publique. Il est indispensable que les États membres du Conseil de l’Europe ne se laissent pas distancer face à cette dépendance toujours plus grande à l’égard des processus automatisés et de l’apprentissage automatique, et veillent, dans ce contexte de mutation rapide, à préserver les droits humains de tous les membres de la société.

Ce besoin pressant a incité la Commissaire aux droits de l’homme du Conseil de l’Europe, Dunja Mijatović, à publier en 2019 la Recommandation « Décoder l’IA : 10 mesures pour protéger les droits de l’homme », qui fournit aux États membres des orientations sur les grands principes à suivre pour prévenir ou atténuer les effets négatifs des systèmes d’IA sur les droits humains.

Les États membres ont pris des mesures dans certains des domaines clés identifiés dans la Recommandation de 2019, mais sans cohérence globale. Ainsi, sur de nombreux fronts, la réglementation des systèmes d’IA centrée sur les droits humains est-elle encore absente, et le plus souvent, les autorités publiques s’investissent trop tard – et avancent trop lentement – pour que leur contribution soit véritablement utile. Les normes et garanties en matière de droits humains, bien que technologiquement neutres et applicables à tous les contextes, y compris ceux mettant en œuvre des systèmes d’IA, sont rarement appliquées et les contrôles restent sporadiques.

La présente Recommandation de suivi examine les défis auxquels sont confrontés les États membres dans la mise en œuvre de la Recommandation de 2019, notamment en ce qui concerne la pertinence de l’évaluation des risques et de l’étude d’impact sur les droits humains, la mise en place de garanties de transparence plus solides et la nécessité d’un contrôle indépendant.
INTRODUCTION 
CHAPITRE 1 - ÉTUDES D’IMPACT DE L’IA SUR LES DROITS HUMAINS 
CHAPITRE 2 - LES NORMES EN MATIÈRE DE DROITS HUMAINS DANS LE SECTEUR PRIVÉ 
CHAPITRE 3 - INFORMATION ET TRANSPARENCE 
CHAPITRE 4 - CONSULTATIONS PUBLIQUES 
CHAPITRE 5 - PROMOTION DE LA CONNAISSANCE ET DE LA COMPRÉHENSION DE L’IA 
CHAPITRE 6 - CONTRÔLE INDÉPENDANT 
CHAPITRE 7 - VOIES DE RECOURS EFFECTIVES 
OBSERVATIONS FINALES ET RECOMMANDATIONS