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Free to create: artistic freedom in Europe (2023)

Cultural development
Format : Paper PDF Papier Epub
978-92-871-9314-8
Type of document :
Report
Format :
Paper
Language :
English
Size :
A4
Number of pages :
53
Sara Whyatt
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“With democracy under great pressure, the key role of arts and culture as powerful means for maintaining constructive dialogue in democratic, diverse and open societies becomes ever more evident. The right to freedom of artistic expression is a key to this and ensures the pluralism and vitality of the democratic process.” (Secretary General Marija Pejčinović Burić)

This report gives a comprehensive overview of the challenges that European artists and cultural workers face in the practice of their right to freedom of artistic expression. These range from laws that curtail creative freedom, attacks from nongovernmental groups and online threats to the “under-the-radar” pressures that contribute to self-censorship.

It reflects the work carried out by the Council of Europe, other international intergovernmental organisations promoting freedom of expression and human rights, and non-governmental, civil society and cultural organisations concerned with both the rights of artists and cultural rights in general, as well as the experiences and perspectives of artists. It concludes with recommendations on what can be done to protect artistic freedom, by international institutions such as the Council of Europe and by the cultural sector and artists themselves.
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 
Methodology 
CHAPTER 2 – THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE DEFENCE OF FREEDOM OF ARTISTIC EXPRESSION 
The Manifesto on the Freedom of Expression of Culture and the Arts in the Digital Era 
Free to Create, Create to be Free 
The European Convention on Human Rights 
The European Court of Human Rights 
CHAPTER 3 – INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS PROTECTING ARTISTIC FREEDOM 
United Nations “mechanisms” 
UNESCO 
CHAPTER 4 – DEFINITIONS OF FREEDOM OF ARTISTIC EXPRESSION 
CHAPTER 5 – WHO PROTECTS ARTISTIC FREEDOM? – STATES, CIVIL SOCIETY AND CULTURAL ORGANISATIONS 
States 
Civil society: human rights defenders, media freedom advocacy groups and artistic freedom 
Cultural organisations 
CHAPTER 6 – STATE OF ARTISTIC FREEDOM IN EUROPE 2020-22 
Artistic freedom in numbers 
Anti-terror and national security laws to silence legitimate commentary 
“Mocking” the power mongers 
Blasphemy and defamation against religions 
Violence and intimidation 
Gender, sexuality and “family values” – Conservative targets 
“Nuisance” cases – Strategic lawsuits against public participation 
The Covid-19 pandemic and creative freedom 
Online dangers and threats 
CHAPTER 7 – DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN EUROPE – “UNDER THE RADAR” 
Institutional self-censorship – Museums, cultural and academic institutions 
Underrepresented groups 
Status of the artist – Social and economic rights 
Self-critical views from the Nordic Region – Cultural funding and artistic freedom 
CHAPTER 8 – NETWORKING, SOLIDARITY, “SAFE EXITS” AND BUILDING PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING – ARTISTS ADVISE 
Safe spaces and “emergency exits” 
Responding to scandals, smear campaigns and apathy – Arts freedom and the media 
Learning about artistic freedom 
CHAPTER 9 – RECOMMENDATIONS AND WAYS FORWARD 
States 
Civil society and cultural organisations 
Emergency programmes and safe places 
Educational and academic institutes 
Legal profession 
Funding bodies 
Artists 
Council of Europe 
REFERENCES

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