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IRIS Spezial - Medieneigentum - Marktrealitäten und Regulierungsmaßnahmen (2017)

European Audiovisual Observatory
Format : Paper Papier Papier
978-92-871-8403-0
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
German
Size :
A4
Number of pages :
128
Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle
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Eine der Säulen der Meinungsfreiheit im audiovisuellen Sektor ist Medienpluralismus. Dieser Begriff bedeutet einerseits, dass die unterschiedlichen Medienakteure Programme in einer breiten Auswahl zur Verfügung stellen. Andererseits geht es darum, dass tatsächlich eine Vielzahl an Betreibern vorhanden ist, um eine übermäßige Marktkonzentration zu vermeiden.

Medienpluralismus als solcher ist in der Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf europäischer Ebene eingehend erforscht worden. Damit zusammen hängt die Notwendigkeit, bei der Finanzierung der verschiedenen Medienanbieter Transparenz sicherzustellen und hinreichende Kenntnis ihrer Eigentumsstruktur und ihres Kontroll- oder Einflusspotenzials zu gewährleisten.

Dazu haben die meisten Länder Instrumente und Verfahren entwickelt, mit denen die notwendigen Informationen eingeholt werden können, was es auch der Europäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle (EAI) ermöglicht, gewisse Daten zusammenzutragen. Weitere Informationsquellen werden von Regulierungsbehörden in ganz Europa zugänglich gemacht, geltende Verwaltungsrechtsprechung, auch in Bezug auf Wettbewerbsfragen, runden das Bild ab.

Diese IRIS Spezial bietet einen Überblick über die gegenwärtigen Marktgegebenheiten und eine Auswahl an regulatorischen Maßnahmen, die in Europa seit dem Bericht der Informationsstelle „Konvergierte Märkte - konvergierte Macht? Regulierung und Fallrecht“ von 2012 eingeführt wurden. Sie wurde unter Federführung des Instituts für europäisches Medienrecht (EMR) in Saarbrücken erstellt und beinhaltet Beiträge verschiedener Autoren.

Der Fokus dieser IRIS Spezial liegt auf einer Auswahl europäischer Länder, die eine Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Ansätze aufzeigt:

Deutschland, Vereinigtes Königreich, Italien, Frankreich, Spanien und Polen.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Einleitung: Medieneigentum in europäischen Märkten  
1.1. Einleitung
1.2. Untersuchung von Medieneigentum, -daten und -transparenz
1.3. Nationale Mediensysteme und Medienkonzentration  
1.4. Gesamteuropäische Rundfunkmediengruppen  
1.5. Gesamteuropäische Vertriebsunternehmen  
1.6. Gesamteuropäische Gruppen und Inhalte  
1.7. Schlussbemerkungen und mögliche weitere Forschung
2. Sicherung der Medienvielfalt auf Europäischer Ebene  
2.1. Einleitung
2.2. Rechtlicher Rahmen  
2.3. Ansätze zur Verhinderung von Medienkonzentration auf der Ebene der Europäischen Union
2.4. Ansätze im Zusammenhang mit der Vermeidung von Medienkonzentration auf der Ebene des Europarats
2.5. Wichtige Einflüsse von medienverwandten relevanten Märkten
2.6. Ergebnis
3. Instrumente zur Messung und Bekanntmachung von Medienkonzentration - das Beispiel des Media Pluralism Monitor
3.1. Einleitung
3.2. Wozu Konzentration von Medieneigentum messen? Die rationale Grundlage des Bereichs Marktpluralität
3.3. Messung von Medieneigentumskonzentration: Die methodische Grundlage des Bereichs Marktpluralität
3.4. Ergebnisse der Umsetzung des Media Pluralism Monitor 2015
3.5. Bestandsaufnahme der gemachten Erfahrungen: Die Umsetzung des Media Pluralism Monitor 2016
4. Media concentration in Germany
4.1. Verfassungsrechtliche Grundlagen für die Sicherung der Meinungsvielfalt
4.2. Medienmärkte
4.3. Gesetzliche Vorgaben zur Verhinderung von Medienkonzentration
4.5. Reformprojekte
4.6. Weitere medienrelevante Faktoren
4.7. Restriktionen zu Beteiligungen im Medienbereich
5. Medienkonzentration im Vereinigten Königreich
5.1. Verfassungsrechtlicher Hintergrund
5.2. Konvergente audiovisuelle Medienmärkte
5.3. Gesetzliche Verhinderung von Medienkonzentration
5.4. Grundsatzentscheidungen
5.4.1. Projekt Kangaroo/Projekt Canvas
5.5. Aktuelle Diskussion
5.6. Spezifische Eigentumsbeschränkungen
5.7 Sonstige Erwägungen
6 Medienkonzentration in Italien
6.1. Verfassungsrechtlicher Hintergrund
6.2. Konvergente audiovisuelle / Medienmärkte
6.3. Gesetzliche Verhinderung von Medienkonzentration
6.4. Die Bedeutung medienbezogener Faktoren und Märkte
6.5. Spezifische Eigentumsbeschränkungen/Eigentumshürden
6.6. Aktuelle Diskussion  
7. Medienkonzentration in Frankreich
7.1. Überblick
7.2. Der verfassungsrechtliche Rahmen
7.2. Abgrenzung der Märkte und Auswirkungen der Konvergenz
7.3. Kontrolle und Prävention von Machtkonzentrationen im audiovisuellen Sektor
8. Länderbericht Spanien
8.1.Verfassungsrechtlicher Hintergrund  
8.2. Konvergente audiovisuelle / Medienmärkte
8.3. Gesetzliche Verhinderung von Medienkonzentration
8.4. Grundsatzentscheidung(en)
8.5. Aktuelle Diskussion
8.6. Spezifische Eigentumsbeschränkungen/Eigentumshürden
8.7. Referenzen
9. Medienkonzentration in Polen
9.1. Verfassungsrechtlicher Hintergrund
9.2. Konvergente audiovisuelle / Medienmärkte
9.3. Gesetzliche Verhinderung von Medienkonzentration
9.4. Aktuelle Diskussion  
10. Schlussfolgerungen
10.1. Bedeutung der Sicherung von Medienpluralismus
10.2. Bedeutung der europäischen Ebene für die Medienvielfaltssicherung
10.3. Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Erkenntnisse aus den untersuchten Staaten
10.4. Herausforderungen durch Konvergenzentwicklungen

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