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[name] => Bioethics
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[2] => Array
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[id] => 207
[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/207-health-protection
[name] => Health protection
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[7] => Array
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[link] => https://book.coe.int/en/208-culture-heritage-nature
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[desc] =>
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1
Catalog
IRIS Spezial 2020-2: Künstliche Intelligenz im audiovisuellen Sektor (2020)
In der audiovisuellen Industrie dürfte der zunehmende Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz einen Paradigmenwechsel einläuten, denn er kann die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette verändern. Der Bericht untersucht die von KI ausgehenden Chancen und Herausforderungen im audiovisuellen Sektor.
1. Künstliche Intelligenz und Erklärbarkeit
Abbildungen
Tabellen
1.1. Was ist künstliche Intelligenz?
1.1.1. Eine kurze Geschichte der künstlichen Intelligenz
1.1.2. Unterschiedliche Ansätze zu künstlicher Intelligenz
1.1.3. Anwendungen künstlicher Intelligenz
1.2. Was ist erklärbare künstliche Intelligenz?
1.2.1. Beweggründe für XAI
1.2.2. Die Dimensionen der Interpretierbarkeit
1.2.3. Verschiedene Erklärungen und wie man sie liest
1.3. KI und XAI im Medienbereich
1.3.1. KI-Anwendungen und Erklärbarkeit
1.3.2. Video-on-Demand-Dienste in der Praxis
1.4. Fazit
2. Der Stoff, aus dem KI-Träume sind – Big Data
2.1. Einführung
2.2. Datenschutz als Gatekeeper für Big Data
2.2.1. Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
2.2.2. Europäische Union
2.2.3. China
2.2.4. Drei verschiedene Ansätze?
2.3. Verzerrung und Diskriminierung durch Big Data
2.4. Information der Bevölkerung: Medien, Fehlinformationen und illegale Inhalte
2.5. Big-Data-Politik und die politische Blase
2.6. Medien als Überwachungsinstanz?
2.7. Der Medienmarkt: Big-Data-getriebene Marktstrategien
2.8. Regulatorische Ansätze für KI-basierte Systeme
2.9. Fazit
3. Auswirkungen des Einsatzes von künstlicher Intelligenz durch Nachrichtenmedien auf die Freiheit der Meinungsäußerung
3.1. Einführung
3.2. KI-Anwendungen für Nachrichtenmedien
3.3. KI-Einsatz durch Nachrichtenmedien als Element der Medienfreiheit
3.3.1. Die demokratische Rolle der Nachrichtenmedien
3.3.2. Für wen gilt die Medienfreiheit?
3.3.3. Pflichten und Verantwortung und journalistische Ethikkodizes
3.4. Auswirkungen der KI auf das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung von Nachrichtennutzerinnen und -nutzern und anderen an öffentlichen Debatten Teilnehmenden
3.5. Verpflichtungen von Staaten in Bezug auf die Medienfreiheit
3.6. Fazit
4. Politik für kulturelle Vielfalt im KI-Zeitalter
4.1. Einführung
4.2. Das veränderte Umfeld der Erstellung, Verbreitung, Nutzung und Wiederverwendung von Inhalten
4.2.1. Die neuen Vermittler
4.2.2. Implikationen KI-getriebener redaktioneller Akteure
4.3. Handlungsmöglichkeiten: neue Werkzeuge für den Umgang und Dialog mit digitalen Vermittlern
4.3.1. Regulierung von Algorithmen
4.3.2. Regulierung durch Algorithmen
4.4. Schlussbemerkungen
5. Urheberrecht – Ist die Maschine eine Urheberin?
5.1. Einführung
5.2. Technologie
5.3. Schutz: Ist KI-generierte Kreativität schutzfähig?
5.3.1. Persönlichkeit: Kann eine Maschine eine Rechtspersönlichkeit haben?
5.3.2. Urheberschaft: Kann eine Maschine Urheberin sein?
5.3.3. Originalität: Kann eine Maschine Originalität aufweisen?
5.4. Politische Lösungsmöglichkeiten: Sind Anreize notwendig?
5.4.1. Kein Schutz: Gemeinfreiheit KI-generierter Werke
5.4.2. Urheberschaft und Rechtsfiktionen: Soll ein Mensch der Urheber sein?
5.4.3. Soll ein Roboter der Urheber sein?
5.4.4. Schutz sui generis für KI-generierte Kreativität
5.4.5. Verleihung von Rechten an Verleger und Verbreiter
5.5. Fazit
6. KI in der Werbung: Tor nach Deadwood oder sinnvolle Datennutzung?
6.1. Einleitung
6.2. KI in der Werbung: Von der Nachverfolgung digitaler Fußabdrücke zur Erstellung von Werbeskripts
6.2.1. Programmatische Werbung: die Werbe- und Datenbörse
6.2.2. Algorithmische Kreativität: Wenn KI die Fantasie spielen lässt
6.2.3. Von kreativen Spielen zu Gewinnen
6.2.4. Fazit: KI-gestützte intelligente Werbung
6.3. Bedenken im Hinblick auf Big Data und KI
6.3.1. Bestehender Rechtsrahmen in Europa
6.3.2. Fazit: (Meistens) das Gute, das Schlechte und das Hässliche
6.4. Nutzung von KI für intelligente Werberegulierung
6.4.1. Sinnvolle Datenerfassung durch Avatare
6.4.2. KI-Entwicklungen für die Werbe-Compliance in Frankreich
6.4.3. Nutzung von Technologie zur Steigerung des Vertrauens in den niederländischen Werbemarkt
6.4.4. Technologische Lösungen von einer der Lokomotiven der Werbebranche
6.4.5. Künftige Grenzen für die Werbeselbstkontrolle
6.5. Fazit: Der große Datenrausch ....
6.6. Danksagung
6.7. Interviewverzeichnis
7. Persönlichkeitsrechte: Von Hollywood bis Deepfakes
7.1. Einleitung
7.2. Künstliche Intelligenz macht es möglich: Deepfakes und Ghost Actors
7.2.1. Deepfakes
7.2.2. Ghost Actors
7.3. Persönlichkeitsrechte und ihre Auswirkungen
7.3.1. Erster Aspekt: Publicity als (geistiges) Eigentum
7.3.2. Zweiter Aspekt: Publicity und Schutz eines persönlichen Markenzeichens
7.3.3. Dritter Aspekt: Schutz der Privatsphäre
7.3.4. Vierter Aspekt: Persönliche Würde und verwandte Schutzrechte
7.4. Gesetze in ausgewählten Ländern
7.4.1. Deutschland
7.4.2. Frankreich
7.4.3. Schweden
7.4.4. Guernsey
7.4.5. Vereinigtes Königreich
7.4.6. Kalifornien
7.5. Wie geht es weiter mit dem audiovisuellen Sektor in Europa?
8. Ansätze für einen nachhaltigen Regulierungsrahmen für die audiovisuelle Industrie in Europa
8.1. Einführung
8.1.1. Grundbegriffe der KI
8.2. Wie wird KI in der audiovisuellen Industrie eingesetzt?
8.3. Ist KI anders als frühere Technologien?
8.3.1. Wer ist verantwortlich, wenn die KI Schaden anrichtet?
8.3.2. Es geht nicht nur um die Wirtschaft
8.4. Wir sind moralisch verpflichtet, mit der KI Gutes zu tun
8.5. Regulierung sollte den Menschen in den Mittelpunkt stellen und sich an Zielen orientieren
8.5.1. Größere Risiken sollten angegangen werden
8.5.2. Verantwortlich ist der Mensch
8.5.3. Transparenz als Zwischenlösung?
8.6. Im Mittelpunkt der Mensch, nicht die Technologie
Abbildungen
Abbildung 1. Beispiel für von TREPAN zurückgegebene globale baumbasierte Erklärungen
Abbildung 2. Beispiel für von CORELS zurückgegebenen Erklärungen zur Regelliste
Abbildung 3. Beispiel einer von LORE zurückgegebenen faktischen und kontrafaktischen regelbasierten Erklärung
Abbildung 4. Beispiel für eine Erklärung auf der Grundlage der Merkmalbedeutung durch LIME
Abbildung 5. Beispiel für eine Erklärung auf der Grundlage der Merkmalbedeutung durch SHAP
Abbildung 6. Beispiel für Salienzkarten, die von verschiedenen Erklärungsmethoden zurückgegeben wurden. Die erste Spalte enthält das analysierte Bild und das Label, das durch das Blackbox-Modell b des KI-Systems vergeben wurde.
Abbildung 7. Beispiel für eine von ABELE zurückgegebene Erklärung von Exemplaren (links) und Kontraexemplaren (rechts). Auf jedem (Kontra-)Exemplar ist das vom Blackbox-Modell b des KI-Systems vergebene Label angegeben.
Tabellen
Tabelle 1. Glossar zur programmatischen Werbung
Tabelle 2. Auf kreative KI-Technologien gestützte Werbe- und Marketingkampagnen
In der audiovisuellen Industrie dürfte der zunehmende Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz einen Paradigmenwechsel einläuten, denn er kann die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette verändern. Der Bericht untersucht die von KI ausgehenden Chancen und Herausforderungen im audiovisuellen Sektor.
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