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PDF - Manuel de droit européen en matière d’asile, de frontières et d’immigration (édition 2020) (German version) (2020)

European Court of Human Rights
978-92-871-9801-3
Type of document :
Book
Format :
PDF
Language :
German
Size :
5.96 MB
Number of pages :
416
Free

The European Convention on Human Rights and European Union law provide an increasingly important framework for the protection of the rights of foreigners. European Union legislation relating to asylum, borders and immigration is developing fast. There is an impressive body of case law by the European Court of Human Rights relating in particular to Articles 3, 5, 8 and 13 of the ECHR. The Court of Justice of the European Union is increasingly asked to pronounce on the interpretation of European Union law provisions in this field. The third edition of this handbook, updated up to July 2020, presents this European Union legislation and the body of case law by the two European courts in an accessible way. It is intended for legal practitioners, judges, prosecutors, immigration officials and non-governmental organisations, in the EU and Council of Europe Member States.

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AVANT-PROPOS 
ACRONYMES 
COMMENT UTILISER CE MANUEL? 
INTRODUCTION 
Le Conseil de l’Europe L’Union européenne 
La charte des droits fondamentaux de l’UE 
L’adhésion de l’Union européenne à la convention européenne des droits de l’homme 
Points clés 
1 L’ACCÈS AU TERRITOIRE ET AUX PROCÉDURES
Introduction
1.1 Le régime de visa Schengen 
1.2 Empêcher l’entrée non autorisée sur le territoire 
1.3 Les interdictions d’entrée et les alertes Schengen
1.4 Les contrôles aux frontières 
1.5 Les frontières intérieures dans l’espace Schengen 
1.6 Le petit trafic frontalier 
1.7 Les zones de transit 
1.8 Accès à l’asile
1.9 Interceptions et reconduite en mer: «pushbacks» et «pullbacks»
Points clés 
2 SYSTÈMES D’INFORMATION À GRANDE ÉCHELLE DE L’UE ET INTEROPÉRABILITÉ 
Introduction
2.1 Systèmes d’information européens à grande échelle 
2.1.1 Dactyloscopie européenne en matière d’asile (Eurodac) 
2.1.2 Système d’information sur les visas (VIS) 
2.1.3 Système d’information Schengen (SIS) 
2.1.4 Système d’entrée et de sortie (EES) 
2.1.5 Système européen d’information et d’autorisation concernant les voyages (ETIAS) 
2.1.6 Système européen d’information sur les casiers judiciaires pour les ressortissants de pays tiers (ECRIS-TCN) 
2.1.7 Système d’information Europol (SIE)
2.2 Interopérabilité 
2.2.1 Répertoire commun de données d’identité (CIR) 
2.2.2 Portail de recherche européen (ESP) 
2.2.3 Détecteur d’identités multiples (MID) 
2.2.4 Service partagé d’établissement de correspondances biométriques (BMS) 
2.3 Supervision
2.4 Limitation des finalités, minimisation des données et exactitude des données 
2.5 Droit à l’information 
2.6 Accès aux données 
2.7 Transferts de données à des tiers 
2.8 Droits des personnes concernées 
Points clés 
3 LE STATUT ET LES DOCUMENTS ASSOCIÉS 
Introduction
3.1 Les demandeurs d’asile 
3.2 Les réfugiés reconnus et les personnes dont il est reconnu qu’elles ont besoin d’une protection subsidiaire 
3.3 Les victimes de la traite des êtres humains et les victimes de conditions de travail particulièrement abusives 
3.4 Les personnes concernées par les mesures provisoires indiquées en vertu de l’article 39 du règlement de la CouEDH 
3.5 Les migrants en situation irrégulière 
3.6 Les résidents de longue durée
3.7 Les ressortissants turcs 
3.8 Les ressortissants britanniques 
3.9 Les ressortissants de pays tiers qui sont membres de la famille d’un ressortissant de l’EEE ou de la Suisse
3.10 Les apatrides et la perte de nationalité ou de documents justificatifs 
Points clés 
4 L’EXAMEN DU DROIT D’ASILE ET LES OBSTACLES À L’ÉLOIGNEMENT: QUESTIONS DE FOND 
Introduction 
4.1 Le droit d’asile et le principe de non‑refoulement 
4.1.1 La nature du risque dans le droit de l’UE 
4.1.2 La nature du risque au regard de la CEDH
4.1.3 L’évaluation du risque 
4.1.4 La notion de protection suffisante
4.1.5 La réinstallation interne 
4.1.6 La sécurité dans un autre pays
4.1.7 L’exclusion de la protection internationale 
4.1.8 La cessation de la protection internationale 
4.2 Les expulsions collectives 
4.3 Les obstacles à l’expulsion fondés sur d’autres motifs ayant trait aux droits de l’homme 
4.4 Les ressortissants de pays tiers mieux protégés contre l’éloignement 
4.4.1 Les résidents de longue durée 
4.4.2 Les ressortissants de pays tiers qui sont membres de la famille d’un ressortissant de l’EEE ou de la Suisse 
4.4.3 Les ressortissants turcs 
Points clés
5 LES GARANTIES PROCÉDURALES ET L’ASSISTANCE JUDICIAIRE DANS LES AFFAIRES D’ASILE ET DE RETOUR 
Introduction 
5.1 Les procédures d’asile 
5.1.1 L’entretien, la procédure d’examen de la demande et la première prise de décision 
5.1.2 Le droit à un recours effectif 
5.1.3 L’effet suspensif automatique du recours
5.1.4 Les procédures d’asile accélérées 
5.2 Les procédures Dublin 
5.3 Les procédures relatives aux conditions d’accueil des demandeurs d’asile 
5.4 Les procédures de retour 
5.5 L’assistance judiciaire dans les procédures d’asile ou de retour
5.5.1 L’assistance judiciaire dans les procédures d’asile 
5.5.2 L’assistance judiciaire dans les procédures de retour
5.5.3 L’assistance judiciaire dans les procédures de recours contre les décisions prises en matière des conditions d’accueil 
Points clés 
6 LA VIE PRIVÉE ET FAMILIALE ET LE DROIT AU MARIAGE 
Introduction 
6.1 Le droit de se marier et de fonder une famille 
6.2 La régularisation familiale 
6.3 Le regroupement familial 
6.4 Le maintien de l’unité familiale — protection contre l’expulsion 
6.4.1 La rupture de la relation 
6.4.2 Les condamnations pénales
Points clés
7 LA RÉTENTION ET LES RESTRICTIONS À LA LIBRE CIRCULATION 
Introduction 
7.1 Privation de liberté ou restriction à la libre circulation? 
7.2 Les mesures pouvant remplacer la rétention
7.3 Liste exhaustive des exceptions au droit à la liberté 
7.3.1 La rétention en vue d’empêcher une personne de pénétrer irrégulièrement dans le territoire d’un pays 
7.3.2 La rétention dans l’attente d’un éloignement ou d’une extradition
7.4 Les cas prescrits par la loi 
7.5 La nécessité et la proportionnalité de la mesure de rétention 
7.6 Le caractère arbitraire 
7.6.1 La bonne foi 
7.6.2 La diligence requise
7.6.3 La perspective raisonnable d’éloignement
7.6.4 La durée maximale de la rétention
7.7 La rétention de personnes ayant des besoins particuliers 
7.8 Les garanties procédurales 
7.8.1 Le droit d’être informé des motifs de la rétention
7.8.2 Le droit de réexamen de la rétention 
7.9 Les conditions ou les régimes de rétention
7.10 La réparation à la suite d’une rétention illégale
Points clés
8 LES RETOURS FORCÉS ET LES MODALITÉS D’EXÉCUTION DE L’ÉLOIGNEMENT 
Introduction
8.1 Exécuter l’éloignement: de manière sûre, digne et humaine 
8.2 La confidentialité 
8.3 Les dommages graves causés par des mesures de contrainte 
8.4 Les enquêtes 
Points clés 
9 LES DROITS ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIAUX
Introduction
9.1 Les principales sources de droit
9.2 Les droits économiques
9.2.1 Les membres de la famille de ressortissants de l’EEE ou de la Confédération suisse 
9.2.2 Les travailleurs détachés
9.2.3 Les titulaires de cartes bleues, chercheurs et étudiants 
9.2.4 Les ressortissants turcs 
9.2.5 Les résidents de longue durée et bénéficiaires de la directive sur le regroupement familial 
9.2.6 Les ressortissants d’autres pays bénéficiant d’accords d’association ou de coopération 
9.2.7 Les demandeurs d’asile et réfugiés 
9.2.8 Les migrants en situation irrégulière 
9.3 L’éducation 
9.4 Le logement 
9.5 Les soins de santé
9.6 Les questions de sécurité sociale et d’assistance sociale 
Points clés
10 LES PERSONNES AYANT DES BESOINS PARTICULIERS 
Introduction
10.1 Les enfants non accompagnés 
10.1.1 L’accueil et le traitement
10.1.2 La détermination de l’âge
10.2 Les victimes de la traite des êtres humains 
10.3 Les personnes handicapées 
10.4 Les victimes de torture 
10.5 Les victimes de violence fondée sur le genre
Points clés 
LECTURES COMPLÉMENTAIRES 
RÉFÉRENCES EN LIGNE
LISTE DE LA JURISPRUDENCE
COMMENT CONSULTER LA JURISPRUDENCE DES COURS EUROPÉENNES? 
INSTRUMENTS DE L’UE ET ACCORDS SÉLECTIONNÉS
ANNEXES
ANNEXE 1: APPLICABILITÉ DES RÈGLEMENTS ET DIRECTIVES DE L’UNION EUROPÉENNE CITÉES DANS LE PRÉSENT MANUEL
ANNEXE 2: APPLICABILITÉ DES CONVENTIONS DU CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE 
ANNEXE 3: ACCEPTATION DES DISPOSITIONS DE LA CSE 
ANNEXE 4: ACCEPTATION D’UNE SÉLECTION DE CONVENTIONS DES NATIONS UNIES
ANNEXE 5: CODES DE PAYS UTILISÉS DANS LES ANNEXES