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PDF - Vivre ensemble. Conjuguer diversité et liberté dans l'Europe du XXIe siècle - Rapport du Groupe d'éminentes personnalités du Conseil de l'Europe (2011)

European debates
Format : PDF PDF
VivreEnsemble_PDF
Type of document :
Report
Format :
PDF
Language :
French
Number of pages :
87
Free
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Durant l'été 2010, le Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe, Thorbjørn Jagland, a demandé à un «Groupe d'éminentes personnalités» indépendant (le Groupe) de préparer un rapport sur les défis que pose la résurgence de l'intolérance et de la discrimination en Europe. Le rapport fait le point sur la gravité des risques, en identifie les sources et formule une série de propositions pour «vivre ensemble» dans des sociétés européennes ouvertes.Le rapport est structuré en deux volets : «La menace» et «La réponse».Dans la première partie, le Groupe a identifié huit risques spécifiques menaçant les «valeurs du Conseil de l'Europe» - l'intolérance croissante ; le soutien de plus en plus affirmé que recueillent les partis xénophobes et populistes ; la discrimination ; la présence d'une population de migrants sans documents d'identité qui sont «virtuellement sans droits» ; les «sociétés parallèles» ; l'extrémisme islamiste ; la perte de libertés démocratiques ; et un conflit possible entre la «liberté de religion» et la liberté d'expression. Le rapport suggère que derrière ces risques se profilent l'insécurité (née des difficultés économiques et de l'impression relative de déclin de notre continent) ; le phénomène de l'immigration à grande échelle (telle qu'elle ressort des faits, mais aussi telle qu'elle est perçue) ; des images déformées et des stéréotypes pénalisants sur les minorités dans les médias et l'opinion publique ; et le manque de leaders qui pourraient inspirer confiance en proposant une vision claire de la destinée de l'Europe.Dans la deuxième partie, le Groupe commence par poser 17 principes qui, à son sens, devraient guider la réponse de l'Europe à ces menaces, en commençant par affirmer que «au minimum, l'on doit s'entendre sur le principe qu'il faut obéir à la loi, et avoir un consensus sur ce qu'est la loi et comment elle peut être changée». Le rapport poursuit en identifiant les principaux acteurs qui peuvent servir de catalyseur pour amener les changements nécessaires dans les mentalités publiques : les éducateurs, les mass media, les employeurs et syndicats, la société civile, les Églises et groupes religieux, les personnalités et «modèles», les villes et cités, les États membres, et enfin les institutions européennes et internationales. Pour la plupart de ces catégories, le rapport présente des «portraits sur le vif» de groupes ou individus particuliers qui, à ses yeux, sont «remarquables et méritent de servir d'exemple». Le rapport conclut enfin sur 59 «propositions d'action», les 17 premières constituant des «recommandations stratégiques», et le reste des « recommandations spécifiques » adressées pour l'essentiel à l'Union européenne, au Conseil de l'Europe et à leurs États membres.