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1
Catalog
Toolkit for a democratic and inclusive school culture (2026)
A practical guide for educators based on key challenges, Council of Europe principles and solutions
The Toolkit for a democratic and inclusive school culture provides practical and operational guidance for policy makers and school managers, as well as for teachers, students, parents and the wider school community to create a democratic and inclusive school culture. The aim is to help users to further develop their own interventions and initiatives based on the approaches, activities and materials proposed in this resource.
The toolkit draws on over 65 resources developed by the Council of Europe within co-operation and capacity-building projects over the years. These resources were mapped, decontextualised, upgraded and compiled into five tools tackling some of the most pressing education challenges in Council of Europe member states, including discrimination based on ethnic background and disability, violence and bullying and the lack of meaningful student engagement.
Guided by its core values – human rights, democracy and the rule of law – the Council of Europe supports inclusive education in view of fostering equity, respect for diversity, student participation and a welcoming and enabling school environment. Therefore, this toolkit contributes to the mission of the Council of Europe, serving to implement and enhance a democratic and inclusive school culture in member states.
The Toolkit for a democratic and inclusive school culture provides practical and operational guidance for policy makers and school managers, as well as for teachers, students, parents and the wider school community to create a democratic and inclusive school culture. The aim is to help users to further develop their own interventions and initiatives based on the approaches, activities and materials proposed in this resource.
The toolkit draws on over 65 resources developed by the Council of Europe within co-operation and capacity-building projects over the years. These resources were mapped, decontextualised, upgraded and compiled into five tools tackling some of the most pressing education challenges in Council of Europe member states, including discrimination based on ethnic background and disability, violence and bullying and the lack of meaningful student engagement.
Guided by its core values – human rights, democracy and the rule of law – the Council of Europe supports inclusive education in view of fostering equity, respect for diversity, student participation and a welcoming and enabling school environment. Therefore, this toolkit contributes to the mission of the Council of Europe, serving to implement and enhance a democratic and inclusive school culture in member states.
1. Understanding the key challenges, principles and solutions
2. Supporting students with special educational needs and disabilities
3. Fostering school success for ethnic minority students
4. Creating a culture of respect and empathy in schools
5. Involving families in democratic life in schools
6. Promoting authentic student participation in schools
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
The toolkit – Why, what and how?
Solutions developed in projects
PRINCIPLE: EQUITY AND INCLUSION
Tackling discrimination – Enjoyment of human rights for all
Reducing violence – Fairness in conflict resolution
Dealing with controversy – Fostering democratic values
Improving governance – Promote inclusive schools
PRINCIPLE: RESPECT FOR DIVERSITY
Tackling discrimination – Cultivating a culture of respect
Reducing violence – Well-being and fostering empathy
Dealing with controversy – Including all voices
Improving governance – Embedding inclusive practices
PRINCIPLE: ENGAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION
Tackling discrimination – Upholding democratic principles
Reducing violence – Fostering a sense of community
Dealing with controversy – Supporting mutual understanding
Improving governance – Collaborative decision making
PRINCIPLE: WELCOMING AND ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Tackling discrimination – Addressing discriminatory practices
Reducing violence – Safe and welcoming schools
Dealing with controversy – Creating safe spaces
Improving governance – Creating fair and equitable schools
CHALLENGE: TACKLING DISCRIMINATION
Prejudice and discriminatory language
Social exclusion
CHALLENGE: REDUCING VIOLENCE
Bullying and cyberbullying
Hate speech and identity-based violence
CHALLENGE: DEALING WITH CONTROVERSY AND POLARISATION
Intolerance
Propaganda and misinformation
CHALLENGE: IMPROVING GOVERNANCE
Low capacity for change
Disengagement of stakeholders
REFERENCES
2. Supporting students with special educational needs and disabilities
INTRODUCTION
Diversity and discrimination
Focus on disability
Problem-solving approach to managing diversity with a focus on disability
UNDERSTANDING THE ISSUES RELATED TO DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION
Discrimination and exclusion in the context of disability
Taking a situational approach to understanding disability
TOOLS FOR SITUATION ANALYSIS
Policy analysis tool
Assessing the preparedness and specific needs of schools
Tool for mapping inclusive education training programmes
VISION OF DISABILITY INCLUSION IN THE CONTEXT OF DIVERSE SCHOOLS
Inclusion and participation of all learners
Flexible curriculum and learning environments
Participatory education governance
Development opportunities for education professionals
STRATEGIES TO PREVENT DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION AND EXCLUSION
Comprehensive guide for schools and teachers
Inclusive school policies
Awareness raising – Building respect and empathy
Ensuring accessibility
Support at school level and community level
Creating an inclusive classroom
Capacity building
GUIDE TO TRANSFORMING PRACTICES TO ENSURE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Framework for understanding inclusive teacher practices
STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
Problem identification: focus on professionals for inclusive education
Needs assessment: focus on practices for inclusive education
Goals and components: visualisation of new teacher education practice
Strategies and methods: building the new teacher education practice
Implementation, evaluation and feedback: realising the new teacher education practice
REFERENCES
3. Fostering school success for ethnic minority students
INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING DISCRIMINATION
Key concepts
The role of schools and teachers in reproducing inequalities
Understanding discrimination faced by ethnic minorities
Recognising discrimination
Consequences of discrimination
Taking action at school level
PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR TEACHERS AND SCHOOL STAFF ON FOSTERING INCLUSION AND DIVERSITY IN SCHOOLS
Introduction
School development planning for becoming an inclusive school – A tool for school leaders and teachers
Tools for school review – A guide for school leaders
Planning for social inclusion and diversity education – A guide for school leaders
School development strategies for social inclusion – A practical guide for school leaders
MONITORING AND EVALUATING THE SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS – A GUIDE FOR SCHOOL LEADERS
Key points for monitoring and evaluation: active learning, parental involvement and community support
Guidelines for school leaders for monitoring and evaluation
REFERENCES
4. Creating a culture of respect and empathy in schools
INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCE AND BULLYING
Violence
Defining bullying
Manifestations of bullying
Recognising bullying
Consequences of bullying
TAKING ACTION AT THE SCHOOL LEVEL
Preventive actions
Interventive actions
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO TAKING ACTION AGAINST BULLYING IN SCHOOLS
School policies and rules
Suggested structure for school policies and procedures on bullying
Raising awareness
Strengthening the class and group environment
New authority means team presence
New authority means mobilising children and young people
Coping with and preventing violence
Developing an anti-bullying convention together
Helpful questions for self-evaluation
What is important to think of when having a conversation with a victim of bullying?
Have a conversation with the bullies
Intervention chain in cases of suspected bullying
Identify the form of bullying and motives
What is case management?
What is important for interdisciplinary co-operation in the intervention team?
Bullying protocol
Flyer for parents
CREATING A SAFE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT – SCHOOL SUPPORT MENTORING PROGRAMME
Introduction to the support programme
Meeting 1 – Inception
Meeting 2 – Prevention and addressing bullying in schools
Meeting 3 – Inclusive environment
Meeting 4 – Policies, procedures and sustainability
Forms
REFERENCES
5. Involving families in democratic life in schools
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW: ALL CHILDREN LEARN TOGETHER
PROBLEM AWARENESS: INCLUSIVE DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY; INCLUSIVE DEMOCRATIC SCHOOL
Plurality of interests: turmoil, problems and conflicts have changed the world
What to avoid: participation should not be a pretence
Taking action at the school level: acceptance of other opinions
Democracy requires a high degree of communication
Three values and the matching descriptors of competence
Six attitudes and the matching descriptors
Eight skills and the matching descriptors
Three competences of knowledge and critical understanding
PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR TEACHERS: METHODOLOGY AND TEACHING EXAMPLES
Methodology
Teaching and learning examples
PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR TEACHER TRAINERS: FOSTERING A DEMOCRATIC SCHOOL CULTURE
Introduction: how materials were collected
Three workshop examples
Example of a training day: democratic and inclusive classroom development
REFERENCES
6. Promoting authentic student participation in schools
INTRODUCTION
Understanding participation
Assessing participation
SITUATION ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS
Instrument 1 – Participation on a scale of 1 to 5
Instrument 2 – Identifying opportunities to participate
Instrument 3: SWOT analysis – Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
CONSEQUENCES
Benefits of student participation
Risks of token participation
GUIDELINES FOR INCREASING STUDENT PARTICIPATION
Student participation: guidelines for teachers
Actions that promote student participation
Student participation in activities of school collegiate bodies and in the development of school policy documents – Case studies, examples and instruments
Participation of students in formal and non-formal education activities – Case studies, examples and instruments
Student participation in community activities – Case studies, examples and instruments
Student participation: guidelines for students
Student participation in the activities of school collegial bodies and in the creation of school policy documents – Case studies, examples and tools
Student participation in formal and non-formal education activities – Actions, examples and tools
Promoting student participation in community activities – Case studies, examples and tools
STUDENT PARTICIPATION: GUIDELINES FOR PARENTS
What are the advantages of student participation for parents?
How can parents encourage student participation?
What is parents’ role in encouraging student participation?
Activities that enhance student participation
Promoting student participation by parents in the activities of school collegial bodies and the development of school policy documents – Case studies, examples, instruments
Parents’ role in supporting student participation in formal and non-formal education activities – Case studies, examples, instruments
Parents promoting participation of students in community activities – Case studies, examples, tools
REFERENCES
A practical guide for educators based on key challenges, Council of Europe principles and solutions
The Toolkit for a democratic and inclusive school culture provides practical and operational guidance for policy makers and school managers, as well as for teachers, students, parents and the wider school community to create a democratic and inclusive school culture. The aim is to help users to further develop their own interventions and initiatives based on the approaches, activities and materials proposed in this resource.
The toolkit draws on over 65 resources developed by the Council of Europe within co-operation and capacity-building projects over the years. These resources were mapped, decontextualised, upgraded and compiled into five tools tackling some of the most pressing education challenges in Council of Europe member states, including discrimination based on ethnic background and disability, violence and bullying and the lack of meaningful student engagement.
Guided by its core values – human rights, democracy and the rule of law – the Council of Europe supports inclusive education in view of fostering equity, respect for diversity, student participation and a welcoming and enabling school environment. Therefore, this toolkit contributes to the mission of the Council of Europe, serving to implement and enhance a democratic and inclusive school culture in member states.
The Toolkit for a democratic and inclusive school culture provides practical and operational guidance for policy makers and school managers, as well as for teachers, students, parents and the wider school community to create a democratic and inclusive school culture. The aim is to help users to further develop their own interventions and initiatives based on the approaches, activities and materials proposed in this resource.
The toolkit draws on over 65 resources developed by the Council of Europe within co-operation and capacity-building projects over the years. These resources were mapped, decontextualised, upgraded and compiled into five tools tackling some of the most pressing education challenges in Council of Europe member states, including discrimination based on ethnic background and disability, violence and bullying and the lack of meaningful student engagement.
Guided by its core values – human rights, democracy and the rule of law – the Council of Europe supports inclusive education in view of fostering equity, respect for diversity, student participation and a welcoming and enabling school environment. Therefore, this toolkit contributes to the mission of the Council of Europe, serving to implement and enhance a democratic and inclusive school culture in member states.
Please note that in accordance with our terms & conditions, PDF/epubs may only be purchased by private individuals.