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PDF - Le racisme à l'égard des migrants en Europe (2009)

Migrants rights
978-92-871-6575-6PDF
Type of document :
Book
Format :
PDF
Language :
French
Size :
16 x 24 cm
Number of pages :
252
Djacoba Liva Tehindrazanarivelo
19.00 € / 38.00 $US
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La recrudescence du phénomène de racisme à l'égard des migrants et des nationaux qui y sont assimilés mérite d'être discutée à l'heure où la question de la migration se trouve au centre des préoccupations de nombreux Etats.Cet ouvrage analyse les politiques migratoires pouvant influencer cette recrudescence. Il entend servir d'outil pour le respect effectif de la dignité humaine et des droits de l'homme universels dans les sociétés démocratiques qui forment le Conseil de l'Europe.Dénonçant les discours et politiques stigmatisant directement ou indirectement les migrants, l'auteur examine les règles juridiques de protection des migrants contre le racisme et la discrimination aux niveaux universel, régional et national, dont l'interdiction de la discrimination fondée sur la race traitée par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme.L'auteur répertorie les mesures de protection prises par les Etats aux niveaux législatif, pénal, administratif et politique, autant de bonnes pratiques pouvant inspirer les Etats membres du Conseil de l'Europe dans leur lutte contre le racisme envers les migrants et en faveur de la tolérance mutuelle entre les membres d'une même société.

Introduction

Première partie - Le phénomène migratoire et la protection des migrants contre le racisme

Chapitre I - Le phénomène migratoire et le racisme
Le phénomène migratoire et sa perception dans les Etats membres du Conseil de l'Europe
Etat de la migration dans les Etats membres du Conseil de l'Europe
Les perceptions de l'immigration en Europe et les politiques migratoires correspondantes
Le traitement sécuritaire de l'immigration
L'approche purement utilitaire : la réalité de l'utilité économique de la migration et la perception de son indésirabilité socioculturelle
La promotion des politiques de développement en faveur des pays de provenance
1. Les accords de « codéveloppement » incluant un contrôle de l'immigration
2. Le codéveloppement dans le cadre de la migration pour le développement
La promotion d'une migration « accompagnée »
Les tentatives d'harmonisation de la politique d'immigration en Europe
Les différentes mesures adoptées au niveau de l'Union européenne
L'apport du Comité européen sur les migrations du Conseil de l'Europe dans la définition d'une politique commune face aux défi s des migrations
Le racisme et les autres formes d'intolérance
Le racisme
La discrimination raciale
La discrimination raciale directe
La discrimination raciale indirecte
Le racisme institutionnel
La xénophobie et les autres formes d'intolérance
Les modes d'expression du racisme et de la discrimination raciale
Les discours et propos racistes
Les manifestations et violences racistes
Les publications et la diffusion par les médias

Chapitre II - Les migrants et le racisme
Les migrants touchés par le racisme
La définition des migrants fondée sur la protection de leurs droits
La définition tirée des textes internationaux
Une définition pour la protection des migrants contre le racisme
Le statut spécial des réfugiés et des demandeurs d'asile
L'assimilation de certains nationaux et citoyens à des migrants
La confusion entre les migrants et les nationaux issus de l'immigration
La situation particulière des citoyens de l'Union européenne
La protection juridique des migrants contre le racisme
Le cadre juridique et institutionnel de lutte contre le racisme et la discrimination raciale
Au niveau universel
1. Le cadre juridique : les dispositions antidiscrimination
2. Le cadre institutionnel
Au niveau européen
1. Le cadre juridique
a. Dans le cadre du Conseil de l'Europe
Les textes juridiques pertinents
La jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme en matière de discrimination fondée sur la race
b. Dans le cadre de l'Union européenne
c. Dans le cadre de l'OSCE
2. Le cadre institutionnel
Au niveau national
1. Les législations antiracisme dans les Etats membres du Conseil de l'Europe
2. Les organes spécialisés
a. Types d'organes spécialisés
b. Structure et fonctionnement des organes spécialisés
Les droits des migrants et le racisme
Les droits des migrants et leur apparition en droit international
Les obligations des Etats en matière de lutte contre le racisme, la xénophobie et l'intolérance à l'égard des migrants
1. L'obligation primaire de non-discrimination
2. L'obligation de réviser les lois ayant des effets discriminatoires
3. L'obligation d'interdire l'incitation à la haine raciale
4. Des limitations relatives à l'expulsion et au rapatriement

Deuxième partie - Les formes du racisme à l'égard des migrants et la mise en oeuvre des règles de protection

Chapitre III - Les manifestations du racisme à l'égard des migrants
Les formes persistantes du racisme et de la discrimination raciale à l'égard des migrants
La discrimination en matière d'emploi
Les discriminations dans l'accès au logement et aux lieux publics
La discrimination dans l'éducation
Le racisme anti-Noir
Le racisme à l'égard des Roms/Tsiganes en situation de migration
Le traitement des nouveaux citoyens de l'Union européenne ayant émigré dans les 15 premiers Etats membres
Quelques situations nouvelles préoccupantes
La dérive assimilationniste dans des discours sur l'intégration
La montée de l'islamophobie depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001
Les faits discriminatoires résultant de la politique migratoire « forteresse Europe »
Les manifestations et pratiques racistes dans les zones d'entrée, d'accueil et d'attente
Le déni des droits fondamentaux des migrants en situation irrégulière
L'infiltration progressive de la rhétorique raciste et xénophobe dans les discours et programmes politiques des partis dits « démocratiques »
La double discrimination envers les femmes migrantes

Chapitre IV - Les « bonnes pratiques » dans la lutte contre le racisme
Au niveau de la prévention et de la sensibilisation
La reconnaissance officielle du caractère positif de la migration et son impact sur la prévention du racisme à l'égard des migrants
L'établissement de liens entre la promotion d'une société intégrée et multiculturelle et l'encouragement de la tolérance et de la lutte contre le racisme
La signature par les partis politiques d'une Charte pour une société non raciste
L'adoption de mesures spéciales envers certains groupes nationaux
La création d'organes nationaux spécialisés aux compétences élargies
L'inclusion des personnes issues de l'immigration dans les organismes de lutte contre le racisme
Au niveau de la sanction
L'incrimination de l'incitation à la haine raciale et des actes à motivation raciste
Les réactions non judiciaires aux propos ou faits racistes
Le partage de la charge de la preuve dans les procédures relatives à des actes prima facie racistes et discriminatoires
La formation spécifique des agents chargés de l'application des lois sur les droits des migrants et la non-discrimination

Observations finales

Abréviations

Bibliographie

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