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1
Catalog
Iris Spezial 2021-1 - Die Entschlüsselung des Gesetzespakets zu digitalen Diensten (2022)
Eine hochaktuelle Analyse, wie die europäische Mediengesetzgebung mit den Herausforderungen der Regulierung von Online-Inhalten und denjenigen, die digitale Dienste anbieten, umzugehen gedenkt - in Form des Gesetzespakets zu digitalen Diensten.
Im Jahr 2019 hat die Europäische Kommission das Verfahren zur Verabschiedung des sogenannten Digital-Services-Act-Pakets („DSA-Paket“) eingeleitet, mit dem der aktuelle Rechtsrahmen für Online-Vermittlungsdienste modernisiert werden soll. Als Ergebnis dieses Verfahrens wurden am 15. Dezember 2020 Vorschläge für zwei neue Verordnungen veröffentlicht: den Digital Services Act (DSA, auf Deutsch offiziell „Gesetz über digitale Dienste“) und den Digital Markets Act (DMA, „Gesetz über digitale Märkte“).
Der Digital Services Act gleicht einer russischen Puppe. Er enthält Vorschriften für Vermittlungsdienste, die eine Netzinfrastruktur anbieten, mit besonderen Regeln für Hosting-Dienste, Online-Plattformen und sehr große Plattformen. Sehr große Plattformen sind Online-Plattformen, die mehr als 10% der EU-Bevölkerung (45 Millionen Nutzerinnen und Nutzer) erreichen und als systemrelevant gelten.
Im Jahr 2019 hat die Europäische Kommission das Verfahren zur Verabschiedung des sogenannten Digital-Services-Act-Pakets („DSA-Paket“) eingeleitet, mit dem der aktuelle Rechtsrahmen für Online-Vermittlungsdienste modernisiert werden soll. Als Ergebnis dieses Verfahrens wurden am 15. Dezember 2020 Vorschläge für zwei neue Verordnungen veröffentlicht: den Digital Services Act (DSA, auf Deutsch offiziell „Gesetz über digitale Dienste“) und den Digital Markets Act (DMA, „Gesetz über digitale Märkte“).
Der Digital Services Act gleicht einer russischen Puppe. Er enthält Vorschriften für Vermittlungsdienste, die eine Netzinfrastruktur anbieten, mit besonderen Regeln für Hosting-Dienste, Online-Plattformen und sehr große Plattformen. Sehr große Plattformen sind Online-Plattformen, die mehr als 10% der EU-Bevölkerung (45 Millionen Nutzerinnen und Nutzer) erreichen und als systemrelevant gelten.
1. Allgemeine Einführung
2. Der Digital Services Act und die Macht sozialer Medien zur Regulierung von Meinungsäußerungen: Verpflichtungen, Verantwortlichkeiten und Schutzvorkehrungen
2. Der Digital Services Act und die Macht sozialer Medien zur Regulierung von Meinungsäußerungen: Verpflichtungen, Verantwortlichkeiten und Schutzvorkehrungen
2.1. Einführung
2.2. Öffentliche und private Regulierung von Meinungsäußerungen
2.3. Verantwortlichkeit von Vermittlern: von der E-Commerce-Richtlinie zum DSA
2.4. Haftungsregelungen im Rahmen des DSA
2.4.1. Einführung
2.4.2. Melde- und Abhilfeverfahren
2.4.3. Untersuchungen auf Eigeninitiative
2.4.4. Auslegungsfragen zu Artikel 6 DSA
2.5. Bewertung und Minderung systemischer Risiken
2.5.1. Bewertung systemischer Risiken
2.5.2. Minderung systemischer Risiken
2.6. Fazit
3. Regulierung der Moderation illegaler Online-Inhalte
3.1. Thema und Gliederung dieses Kapitels
3.2. Die Unabhängigkeit des Cyberspace: die E-Commerce-Richtlinie
3.3. Der Anfang vom Ende: der entstehende EU-Rechtsrahmen für die Moderation von Online-Inhalten
3.3.1. Regulierung der Moderation bestimmter Arten von Online-Inhalten
3.3.2. Regulierung der Moderation durch bestimmte Arten digitaler Vermittler: Video-Sharing-Plattformen
3.3.3. Regulierung für alle: eine Neuinterpretation der E-Commerce-Richtlinie
3.3.4. Überblick über den EU-Rechtsrahmen und aktuelle Praktiken der Online-Moderation
3.4. Das Ende der Unabhängigkeit des Cyberspace: der Digital Services Act
3.4.1. Der DSA-Vorschlag und die Moderation von Inhalten
3.4.2. Asymmetrische Verpflichtungen
3.5. Schlussbemerkungen
4. Vom Risiko zur Chance? Der risikobasierte Ansatz des DSA zu Desinformation
4.1. Einleitung
4.2. Die Desinformationslandschaft
4.2.1. Fortschreitende Definitionen
4.2.2. Die breiteren rechtlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen
4.3. Einführung des risikobasierten Ansatzes des DSA
4.4. Risikominderung
4.5. Gewährleistung von Aufsicht und Transparenz
4.6. Ein riskantes Geschäft? Der risikobasierte Ansatz in der Praxis
4.7. Fazit
5. Digital Services Act und Urheberrechtsdurchsetzung: der Fall des Artikels 17 der DSM-Richtlinie*
5.1. Einführung
5.1.1. Die gemeinsame Geschichte der DSM-Richtlinie und des DSA
5.2. Aufbau und Inhalt von Artikel 17 der DSM-Richtlinie
5.2.1. Klage Polens gegen Artikel 17
5.3. Das Verhältnis zwischen Artikel 17 und dem DSA: Was ist daran speziell?
5.3.1. Der Begriff OCSSP: EU-Niederlassung, Zugänglichkeit und Zielorientierung
5.3.2. Das spezielle Haftungsverfahren nach Artikel 17 Absatz 4
5.3.3. Verfügbarkeit von Haftungsprivilegien
5.3.4. Beschwerde- und Rechtsbehelfsverfahren und der Schutz vor Missbrauch
5.4. Fazit
6. Der Vorschlag für ein Gesetz über digitale Märkte (DMA): Von Gatekeepern, Fairness und Transparenz im Online-Umfeld
6.1. Einleitung
6.2. Der DMA-Vorschlag im Überblick
6.3. Anwendungsbereich: Weit, aber Wenige
6.3.1. Adressierte Akteure
6.3.2. Benennungsverfahren
6.4. Verpflichtungen und Verbote oder „Dos und Don'ts“ für Gatekeeper
6.4.1. Strukturelle Aspekte
6.4.2. Einige Verpflichtungen im Detail
6.5. Durchsetzung: Ein zentralisierter Ansatz
6.6. Fazit
7. Gatekeeping im audiovisuellen Sektor: ökonomischer Hintergrund, Wettbewerb und Regulierung
7.1. Einführung
7.2. Wettbewerb und Gatekeeper in der digitalen Wirtschaft: ökonomische Grundlagen
7.3. Wettbewerb und Gatekeeping auf Streaming-Märkten
7.4. Regulatorische Implikationen für audiovisuelle Streaming-Märkte aus ökonomischer Sicht
7.4.1. Selbstpräferenzierung
7.4.2. Vertikale Integration
7.4.3. Zusammenfassung
8. Zusammenfassungen der Veranstaltungen der Informationsstelle zum DSA-Paket
8.1. Ein erster Blick auf die neuen EU-Vorschriften für Onlinedienste und ihre möglichen Auswirkungen auf die audiovisuelle Industrie
8.1.1. Hintergrund: Überblick über das neue Gesetzespaket zu digitalen Diensten
8.1.2. Expertenecke: Wettbewerb, Haftung und die Wechselbeziehung zwischen dem DSA-Paket, der AVMD-Richtlinie und der DSM-Richtlinie
8.1.3. Stakeholder-Panel: Der DSA als dringend benötigtes Update für einen veralteten Rechtsrahmen
8.2. Webinar Nr. 1 – Transparenz der Inhaltemoderation in sozialen Medien
8.2.1. Hintergrund
8.2.2. Expertenecke: Moderation illegaler Online-Inhalte durch Online-Plattformen
8.2.3. Stakeholder-Panel: Moderation von Inhalten aus der Sicht von Plattformen, Verbrauchern und nationalen Medienregulierern
8.3. Webinar Nr. 2 – Gatekeeper im DSA-Paket: Was ist mit VoD?
8.3.1. Hintergrund
8.3.2. Expertenecke: Regulatorische und wettbewerbsbezogene Aspekte
8.3.3. Stakeholder-Panel: Der VoD-Markt, ein wettbewerbsintensiver und stark regulierter Markt ohne Gatekeeper?
8.4. Webinar Nr. 3 – Urheberrecht und DSA
8.4.1. Hintergrund
8.4.2. Expertenecke: Risiken und Chancen des DSA
8.4.3. Stakeholder-Panel: Zusammenspiel zwischen DSA und Urheberrecht, Risiken, Herausforderungen und Chancen
8.5. Webinar Nr. 4 – Der DSA und der Kampf gegen Desinformation
8.5.1. Hintergrund
8.5.2. Expertenecke: Risiken und Chancen für den Kampf gegen Desinformation
8.5.3. Stakeholder-Panel: Desinformationsbekämpfung, freie Meinungsäußerung und Datenzugang
8.6. Teilnehmerliste
Abbildung
Abbildung 1. Im DSA vorgesehene Verpflichtungen
Tabellen
Tabelle 1. EU-Rechtsrahmen für die Moderation illegaler Online-Inhalte
Tabelle 2 Arbeitsdefinitionen von Desinformation
Eine hochaktuelle Analyse, wie die europäische Mediengesetzgebung mit den Herausforderungen der Regulierung von Online-Inhalten und denjenigen, die digitale Dienste anbieten, umzugehen gedenkt - in Form des Gesetzespakets zu digitalen Diensten.
Im Jahr 2019 hat die Europäische Kommission das Verfahren zur Verabschiedung des sogenannten Digital-Services-Act-Pakets („DSA-Paket“) eingeleitet, mit dem der aktuelle Rechtsrahmen für Online-Vermittlungsdienste modernisiert werden soll. Als Ergebnis dieses Verfahrens wurden am 15. Dezember 2020 Vorschläge für zwei neue Verordnungen veröffentlicht: den Digital Services Act (DSA, auf Deutsch offiziell „Gesetz über digitale Dienste“) und den Digital Markets Act (DMA, „Gesetz über digitale Märkte“).
Der Digital Services Act gleicht einer russischen Puppe. Er enthält Vorschriften für Vermittlungsdienste, die eine Netzinfrastruktur anbieten, mit besonderen Regeln für Hosting-Dienste, Online-Plattformen und sehr große Plattformen. Sehr große Plattformen sind Online-Plattformen, die mehr als 10% der EU-Bevölkerung (45 Millionen Nutzerinnen und Nutzer) erreichen und als systemrelevant gelten.
Im Jahr 2019 hat die Europäische Kommission das Verfahren zur Verabschiedung des sogenannten Digital-Services-Act-Pakets („DSA-Paket“) eingeleitet, mit dem der aktuelle Rechtsrahmen für Online-Vermittlungsdienste modernisiert werden soll. Als Ergebnis dieses Verfahrens wurden am 15. Dezember 2020 Vorschläge für zwei neue Verordnungen veröffentlicht: den Digital Services Act (DSA, auf Deutsch offiziell „Gesetz über digitale Dienste“) und den Digital Markets Act (DMA, „Gesetz über digitale Märkte“).
Der Digital Services Act gleicht einer russischen Puppe. Er enthält Vorschriften für Vermittlungsdienste, die eine Netzinfrastruktur anbieten, mit besonderen Regeln für Hosting-Dienste, Online-Plattformen und sehr große Plattformen. Sehr große Plattformen sind Online-Plattformen, die mehr als 10% der EU-Bevölkerung (45 Millionen Nutzerinnen und Nutzer) erreichen und als systemrelevant gelten.
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