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E-pub - Droits de l'homme en Europe: la complaisance n'a pas sa place (2013)

Human Rights and Democracy
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978-92-871-7789-6
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13 MB
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Il y a loin du discours politique sur les droits de l'homme à la réalité quotidienne en Europe. Certes, les responsables politiques se disent presque tous favorables à la protection de la liberté et de la justice. Des normes relatives aux droits de l'homme ont été adoptées aux niveaux européen et international et, pour beaucoup d'entre elles, intégrées en droit interne. Pour autant, ces normes ne se traduisent pas toujours dans les faits, car elles ne sont pas systématiquement mises en oeuvre.C'est de ce déficit de mise en oeuvre que traite le présent ouvrage. Il rassemble des « points de vue » ou des articles que Thomas Hammarberg a publiés, puis mis à jour, depuis qu'il exerce les fonctions de Commissaire aux droits de l'homme du Conseil de l'Europe, c'est-a-dire depuis avril 2006. A ce jour, il s'est rendu dans la quasi-totalité des 47 Etats membres du Conseil de l'Europe. A chaque fois, il a rencontré des victimes de violations des droits de l'homme et leur famille, des responsables politiques, des procureurs, des juges, des policiers, des ombudsmans, des chefs religieux, des journalistes, des représentants de la société civile, des personnes détenues ou internées. Les « points de vue » que l'ont inspirés ces multiples visites résument ses réflexions, conclusions et recommandations.

Avant-propos

Chapitre 1 : Xénophobie et identité
Respecter l'autre
La burqa et le droit au respect de la vie privée
Arrestations arbitraires et discriminatoires
Crimes de haine

Chapitre 2 : Droits des Roms        
Histoire de la répression des Roms en Europe
Persistance de la stigmatisation des Roms
Eradication de la discrimination à l'égard des Roms
Représentation politique des Roms
Discrimination des migrants roms

Chapitre 3 : Politiques d'asile et d'immigration  
Droits des migrants
La criminalisation des migrations
Droit d'asile
La détention des demandeurs d'asile
Regroupement familial
La traite des êtres humains
Personnes déplacées

Chapitre 4 : Protection contre l'homophobie el la transphobie
Les Principes de Jogjakarta
Homophobie
Transphobie

Chapitre 5 : Droits des personnes handicapées
Pour une société inclusive
Droits des personnes handicapées mentales
Discrimination des personnes ayant une déficience

Chapitre 6 : Les droits en matière d'égalité hommes-femmes
Représentation politique des femmes et des hommes
Violence domestique
Viol

Chapitre 7 : Droits de l'enfant
La Convention des Nations Unies relative aux droits de l'enfant
Le point de vue de l'enfant
Enfants et violence
Enfants places dans des institutions inadaptées
Enfants en prison
Enfants migrants
La pauvreté des enfants

Chapitre 8 : Droits sociaux et économiques
Pauvreté et marginalisation
La crise économique mondiale et les droits de l'homme
Egalité, discrimination et pauvreté
Droit au logement
Les droits des personnes âgées
Changement climatique : une question de droits de l'homme
Appliquer les normes en matière de droits sociaux

Chapitre 9 : Police, justice et système pénitentiaire
Violences policières
L'argument de la bombe à retardement
L'abolition totale de la peine de mort
La corruption porte atteinte à la justice
Des juges indépendants
Durée excessive des procédures judiciaires
Exécution des décisions de justice
Conditions de détention
La réclusion à perpétuité
Voies de recours pour les victimes de violations des droits de l'homme
Requêtes devant la Cour de Strasbourg

Chapitre 10 : Lutte contre le terrorisme et respect des droits de l'homme
Les méthodes antiterroristes et la complicité européenne
Services de renseignements : les limites du secret
Les listes noires de terroristes
Terrorisme : les enseignements de l'Irlande du Nord
Protection de la vie privée et protection des données

Chapitre 11 : Violations passées des droits de l'homme
Tirer les leçons de l'histoire
Obligation de rendre des comptes dans les Etats post-totalitaires
La Cour pénale Internationale

Chapitre 12 : Liberté des medias et liberté d'expression
Blasphème et discours de haine
La diversité des medias
Les journalistes en danger
Liberté de réunion

Chapitre 13 : Les acteurs des droits de l'homme   
Défenseurs des droits de l'homme
L'exemple d'Andrei Sakharov
Collectivités locales

Chapitre 14 : Mesures systématiques de mise en oeuvre des droits de l'homme
Mise en oeuvre au niveau national
Budget national
Education aux droits de l'homme

Chapitre 15 : Action internationale
Politique étrangère et droits de l'homme
Responsabilisation des acteurs internationaux

Liste des sigles et des acronymes

Traités du Conseil de l'Europe relatifs aux droits de l'homme : état des ratifications et des signatures

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