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Catalog

e-Pub - Surveillance de masse - Quel contrôle démocratique? (2016)

Human Rights and Democracy
978-92-871-8273-9
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Epub
Language :
French
Size :
675 Ko
Number of pages :
118
9.50 € / 19.00 $US

«Elles savent quand vous prenez le bus, où vous êtes allé au travail, où vous avez dormi, et quels autres téléphones portables ont passé la nuit chez vous.» Edward Snowden

Les révélations faites par Edward Snowden depuis juin 2013 sur les pratiques de surveillance massive et d’intrusion à grande échelle ont fourni la preuve manifeste de l’existence de systèmes de grande envergure à la pointe des progrès technologiques. Mis en place par les services de renseignement américains et leurs partenaires dans certains États membres du Conseil de l’Europe, ces systèmes sont destinés à collecter, conserver et analyser à une échelle gigantesque les données de communications, y compris leur contenu, les données de géolocalisation et autres métadonnées. Dans plusieurs pays, on assiste au développement d’un colossal « complexe industriel de la surveillance », qui risque d’échapper au contrôle démocratique et à l’obligation de rendre des comptes, et qui menace le caractère libre et ouvert de nos sociétés.

Les opérations de surveillance révélées mettent en danger les droits de l’homme fondamentaux, notamment le droit au respect de la vie privée, le droit à la liberté d’information et d’expression, ainsi que le droit à un procès équitable et le droit à la liberté de religion.

Devant la menace que représentent de telles techniques de surveillance massive, comment les États peuvent-ils protéger ces droits fondamentaux et  garantir la protection de la vie privée ainsi que la sécurité d’internet à l’ère du numérique ?

Ce livre présente, dans sa première partie, le rapport de l’Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l’Europe et, dans sa seconde partie, l’avis juridique de la Commission européenne pour la démocratie par le droit (Commission de Venise).

Table des matières

PARTIE 1 – LES OPÉRATIONS DE SURVEILLANCE MASSIVE
     I. Résumé
     II. Textes adoptés
     III. Exposé des motifs
PARTIE 2 – LE CONTRÔLE DÉMOCRATIQUE DES AGENCES DE COLLECTE DE RENSEIGNEMENTS D’ORIGINE ÉLECTROMAGNÉTIQUE
     Résumé général
     I. Introduction
     II. Portée de la présente étude : définitions
     III. Un contrôle démocratique (amélioré) est-il nécessaire ?
     IV. Juridiction
     V. Contrôle : contextes constitutionnel et organisationnel
     VI. Contrôle des activités de sécurité et jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
     VII. Contrôle interne et contrôle gouvernemental, éléments de systèmes de contrôle globaux
     VIII. Contrôle par le parlement
     IX. Contrôle et autorisation juridictionnels
     X. Contrôle par des organes spécialisés
     XI. Mécanismes de traitement des plaintes
     XII. Remarques de conclusion
GLOSSAIRE