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IRIS Spezial - Online-Aktivitäten öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien: Auftrag und Finanzierung (2015)

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European Audiovisual Observatory
Format : Paper Papier Papier
978-92-871-8143-5
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
German
Size :
A4
Number of pages :
108
Europäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle
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Die Problematik der Entscheidung, welche Online-Dienste aufgrund eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Auftrags öffentliche Mittel erhalten sollen, ist eine der großen Fragestellungen, mit denen sich die EU-Regierungen zurzeit auseinandersetzen. Die Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle hat soeben einen großen Bericht in der Serie „IRIS Spezial“ veröffentlicht, der wertvolle Hintergrundinformationen zum Thema Online-Aktivitäten öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien: Auftrag und Finanzierung enthält. Diese jüngste IRIS Spezial wurde vom Institut für Europäisches Medienrecht in Saarbrücken erstellt und trägt Beträge ganz verschiedener Verfasser zusammen. Die neue Publikation behandelt Themen wie die Definition öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien, aktuelle Modelle für die Rundfunkfinanzierung oder auch die Sachdienlichkeit und Praktikabilität eines Public-Value-Tests für Dienste öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien im Bereich der Neuen Medien.

Heute heißen die Schlagwörter im Rundfunkbereich Digitalisierung und (technische) Konvergenz. In Folge der Digitalisierung ist die Zahl der Programme, Texte und Inhalte auch beim Rundfunk stark gestiegen. Die Programmangebote und ihre Verbreitungswege haben sich dabei deutlich weiter ausdifferenziert. Neben die am Markt agierenden Medienunternehmen und Rundfunkanstalten treten dabei zunehmend private Veröffentlichungen oder Online-Angebote im Internet. Eine Abgrenzung der verschiedenen Medien untereinander wird folglich zunehmend schwieriger. Sowohl das Online-Angebot einer klassischen Zeitung, als auch die Website des öffentlich-rechtlichen Fernsehsenders bieten dem Einzelnen Informationen in Text und Bildern sowie audiovisuelles Filmmaterial. Text, Bild, Ton und Video verschmelzen zunehmend zu „Multimedia“ und alle Inhalte lassen sich auf einer Vielzahl von Endgeräten vom PC bis zum Mobiltelefon empfangen.

Im Lichte dieser Veränderungen im Mediensektor ist es für eine funktionierende politische Öffentlichkeit in einer Demokratie entscheidend, sich immer wieder einmal vor Augen zu führen, welche Leistungsanforderungen Medien im Allgemeinen und der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk im Besonderen zu erfüllen haben.

Eine Pflichtlektüre zu den Herausforderungen, mit denen öffentlich-rechtliche Medien bei der Entwicklung neuer Online-Dienste konfrontiert sind.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Einführung

1. Der europäische Rahmen für Online-Aktivitäten öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien
1.1. Europarat
1.2. Europäische Union
1.3. Fazit

2. Der Auftrag der öffentlich-rechtlichen Medien im Internet
2.1. Die Medien am Beginn des globalen Informationszeitalters
2.2. Der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk im World Wide Web
2.3. Die Meinungs- und Informationsfreiheit und der Online-Auftrag
2.4 Epilog

3. Rundfunkfinanzierungsmodelle in ausgewählten europäischen Staaten
3.1. Finanzierungsquellen für Rundfunkangebote
3.2. Das Modell der Entgeltfinanzierung
3.3. Fazit

4. Gebührenreform und Online-Auftrag öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien in Dänemark
4.1. Einführung
4.2. Das dänische System der Gebührenfinanzierung
4.3. Die dänische Regulierungsstruktur für öffentlich-rechtliche Dienste
4.4. Fazit

5. Die Finanzierung des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks in Deutschland
5.1. Einleitung
5.2. Gründe für die Reform der Rundfunkfinanzierung in Deutschland
5.3. Der neue geräteunabhängige Rundfunkbeitrag
5.4. Staatsferne Finanzierung
5.5. Zwei Jahre später - Erfahrungen mit dem Rundfunkbeitrag
5.6 Der Rundfunkbeitrag und das EU-Beihilfenrecht
5.7. Fazit und Ausblick

6. Die Finanzierung öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien in Ungarn
6.1 Die Organisationsstruktur der ungarischen öffentlich-rechtlichen Medien
6.2 Die Finanzierung der ungarischen öffentlich-rechtlichen Medien
6.3 „Neue Mediendienste“ der ungarischen öffentlich-rechtlichen Medien
6.4 Schlussbemerkungen

7. Der Public-Value-Test und seine Umsetzung
7.1. Zuständige Stellen
7.2. Das Verfahren nach einzelstaatlichen gesetzlichen Bestimmungen
7.3. Dauer und Kosten des Verfahrens
7.4. Schlussfolgerungen

8. Hat der Public-Value-Test seinen Zweck erfüllt?
8.1. Öffentlich-rechtliche Medien im digitalen Zeitalter
8.2. Neue öffentlich-rechtliche Online-Dienste im Rahmen des öffentlich-rechtlichen Auftrags
8.3. Änderung des öffentlich-rechtlichen Auftrags zur Berücksichtigung neuer Online-Dienste
8.4. Public-Value-Test für wesentliche neue öffentlich-rechtliche Online-Dienste
8.5. Schlussfolgerungen

9. Der ex ante Test und seine besonderen Merkmale in einzelstaatlichen Rechtsvorschriften
9.1. Einführung
9.2. Annahme der Rundfunkmitteilung 2009
9.3. Die neue Mitteilung und ihre Wirkung: Wie hat sich der ex ante Test in der Praxis bewährt?
9.4. Nächste Schritte?

Fazit

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