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PDF - Manuel de droit européen en matière de protection des données (édition 2018) (2018)

European Court of Human Rights
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978-92-871-9850-1
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L’évolution rapide des technologies de l’information souligne la nécessité d’une protection solide des données à caractère personnel, un droit qui est garanti à la fois par les instruments de l’Union européenne (UE) et du Conseil de l’Europe (CdE). Les avancées technologiques repoussent notamment les frontières de la surveillance, de l’interception des communications et de la conservation des données, ce qui met le droit à la protection des données face à des défis majeurs. Le présent manuel est conçu de façon à permettre aux praticiens du droit qui ne sont pas spécialisés dans la protection des données de se familiariser avec ce nouveau domaine du droit. Il présente un aperçu des cadres légaux applicables de l’UE et du CdE. Il explique la jurisprudence essentielle et résume les principaux arrêts de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne et de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. Il propose, en outre, des illustrations pratiques basées sur des scénarios hypothétiques des divers problèmes rencontrés dans ce domaine en évolution constante.

Pour commander le manuel imprimé ou toute autre publication de l'Agence des droits fondamentaux (FRA)

Autres langues
AVANT-PROPOS
ABRÉVIATIONS ET ACRONYMES
COMMENT UTILISER CE MANUEL ? 
1 CONTEXTE ET GENÈSE DU DROIT EUROPÉEN EN MATIÈRE DE PROTECTION DES DONNÉES 
1.1. Le droit à la protection des données à caractère personnel
Points clés
1.1.1. Le droit au respect de la vie privée et le droit à la protection des données à caractère personnel : une brève introduction 
1.1.2. Cadre juridique international : Nations Unies 
1.1.3. Convention européenne des droits de l’homme 
1.1.4. Convention 108 du Conseil de l’Europe 
1.1.5. Droit de l’Union européenne en matière de protection des données 
1.2. Limitations du droit à la protection des données à caractère personnel 
Points clés 
1.2.1. Exigences devant être remplies pour qu’une ingérence soit justifiée en vertu de la CEDH 
1.2.2. Conditions des limitations licites en vertu de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’UE 
1.3. Interaction avec d’autres droits et intérêts légitimes
Points clés 
1.3.1. Liberté d’expression
1.3.2. Secret professionnel
1.3.3. Liberté de religion et de conviction
1.3.4. Liberté des arts et des sciences
1.3.5. Protection de la propriété intellectuelle 
1.3.6. Protection des données et intérêts économiques 
2 TERMINOLOGIE DE LA PROTECTION DES DONNÉES 
2.1. Données à caractère personnel 
Points clés 
2.1.1. Principaux aspects de la notion de données à caractère personnel 
2.1.2. Catégories particulières de données à caractère personnel
2.2. Traitement de données 
Points clés 
2.2.1. La notion de traitement des données 
2.2.2. Traitement automatisé de données 
2.2.3. Traitement manuel de données
2.3. Utilisateurs de données à caractère personnel 
Points clés 
2.3.1. Responsables du traitement et sous-traitants 
2.3.2. Destinataires et tiers 
2.4. Consentement 
Points clés 
3 PRINCIPES CLÉS DU DROIT EUROPÉEN EN MATIÈRE DE PROTECTION DES DONNÉES 
3.1. Les principes de licéité, de loyauté et de transparence du traitement 
Points clés 
3.1.1. Licéité du traitement 
3.1.2. Loyauté du traitement
3.1.3. Transparence du traitement
3.2. Principe de la limitation de la finalité 
Points clés 
3.3. Le principe de la minimisation des données 
Points clés 
3.4. Le principe de l’exactitude des données 
Points clés 
3.5. Le principe de la limitation de la durée de conservation 
Points clés 
3.6. Le principe de la sécurité des données 
Points clés 
3.7. Le principe de la responsabilité
Points clés 
4 LES RÈGLES DU DROIT EUROPÉEN EN MATIÈRE DE PROTECTION DES DONNÉES 
4.1. Règles relatives à la licéité du traitement 
Points clés 
4.1.1. Fondements licites du traitement de données 
4.1.2. Traitement de catégories particulières de données (données sensibles) 
4.2. Règles relatives à la sécurité du traitement 
Points clés 
4.2.1. Éléments de la sécurité des données 
4.2.2. Confidentialité 
4.2.3. Notifications de violation de données à caractère personnel
4.3. Règles relatives à la responsabilité et à la promotion de la conformité 
Points clés 
4.3.1. Délégués à la protection des données 
4.3.2. Registres des activités de traitement 
4.3.3. Analyse d’impact relative à la protection des données et consultation préalable 
4.3.4. Codes de conduite 
4.3.5. Certification 
4.4. Protection des données dès la conception et par défaut 
5 CONTRÔLE INDÉPENDANT 
Points clés 
5.1. Indépendance 
5.2. Compétence et pouvoirs
5.3. Coopération
5.4. Le Comité européen de la protection des données 
5.5. Le mécanisme de cohérence établi par le RGPD
6 LES DROITS DES PERSONNES CONCERNÉES ET LEUR APPLICATION
6.1. Les droits des personnes concernées 
Points clés 
6.1.1. Droit d’être informé 
6.1.2. Droit de rectification 
6.1.3. Droit à l’effacement (« droit à l’oubli ») 
6.1.4. Droit à la limitation du traitement 
6.1.5. Droit à la portabilité des données
6.1.6. Droit d’opposition 
6.1.7. Décision individuelle automatisée, y compris le profilage
6.2. Voies de recours, responsabilité, sanctions et réparation 
Points clés 
6.2.1. Droit d’introduire une réclamation auprès d’une autorité de contrôle 
6.2.2. Droit à un recours juridictionnel effectif
6.2.3. Responsabilité et droit à réparation
6.2.4. Sanctions
7 TRANSFERTS ET FLUX TRANSFRONTIÈRES DE DONNÉES À CARACTÈRE PERSONNEL 
7.1. Nature des transferts de données à caractère personnel
Points clés 
7.2. Libre circulation/flux de données à caractère personnel entre États membres ou Parties contractantes 
Points clés 
7.3. Transfert de données à caractère personnel vers des pays tiers/non-parties ou à des organisations internationales 
Points clés 
7.3.1. Transferts fondés sur une décision d’adéquation 
7.3.2. Transferts moyennant des garanties appropriées
7.3.3. Dérogations pour des situations particulières 
7.3.4. Transferts fondés sur des accords internationaux 
8 PROTECTION DES DONNÉES DANS LE CONTEXTE DE LA POLICE ET DE LA JUSTICE PÉNALE 
8.1. Droit du CdE en matière de protection des données dans le domaine de la sécurité nationale, de la police et de la justice pénale 
Points clés 
8.1.1. La Recommandation relative à la police 
8.1.2. La Convention de Budapest sur la cybercriminalité
8.2. Droit de l’UE en matière de protection des données dans le domaine de la police et de la justice pénale 
Points clés 
8.2.1. La Directive relative à la protection des données pour les autorités policières et judiciaires en matière pénale 
8.3. Autres instruments juridiques spécifiques en matière de protection des données dans le domaine répressif 
8.3.1. Protection des données au sein des agences de l’UE chargées de la justice et de l’application de la loi 
8.3.2. Protection des données dans les systèmes d’information conjoints au niveau de l’UE 
9 CATÉGORIES PARTICULIÈRES DE DONNÉES ET RÈGLES CORRESPONDANTES EN MATIÈRE DE PROTECTION DES DONNÉES 
9.1. Communications électroniques
Points clés 
9.2. Données sur l’emploi
Points clés 
9.3. Données relatives à la santé 
Point clé 
9.4. Traitement de données à des fins statistiques et de recherche 
Points clés 
9.5. Données financières 
Points clés 
10 LES DÉFIS MODERNES DE LA PROTECTION DES DONNÉES À CARACTÈRE PERSONNEL 
10.1. Mégadonnées, algorithmes et intelligence artificielle 
Points clés 
10.1.1. Définir les mégadonnées, les algorithmes et l’intelligence artificielle
10.1.2. Mise en balance des avantages et des risques des mégadonnées 
10.1.3. Problèmes liés à la protection des données
10.2. Les webs 2.0 et 3.0 : les réseaux sociaux et l’Internet des objets 
Points clés 
10.2.1. Définir les Webs 2.0 et 3.0 
10.2.2. Mise en balance des avantages et des risques
10.2.3. Problèmes liés à la protection des données
LECTURES COMPLÉMENTAIRES 
JURISPRUDENCE 
Jurisprudence choisie de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme 
Jurisprudence choisie de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne
INDEX

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