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A mission to inform - Journalists at risk speak out (2020)

Human Rights and Democracy
Format : Paper PDF Epub
978-92-871-8657-7
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
English
Size :
16 x 24 cm
Number of pages :
154
Marilyn Clark and William Horsley, edited by Elena Brodeală
23.00 € / 46.00 $US
Tax excluded
Police intimidation, legal harassment, defamation and intimidation campaigns offline and increasingly online, pressure - economic or otherwise - from editors or media owners and sponsors, detentions, threats and physical violence: journalists are constantly exposed to these threats by those who feel threatened by their work.

The murder of investigative journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia in October 2017 sent shock waves through Europe. Violence and acts of harassment against journalists have become alarmingly frequent, as was laid bare in the Council of Europe’s 2017 survey of 940 journalists across the continent.

This follow-up study is about the human cost to journalists who seek to hold the powerful to account. It is based on in-depth interviews with 20 journalists who use their reporting skills to expose corruption, injustice and abuses, often putting their safety at risk. They share their insights into the realities of practising cutting-edge journalism while facing aggression, intimidation and vicious cyber-attacks. Too often the necessary protections fail and crimes against journalists go unpunished. 

The freedom of the media to report without censorship or fear of reprisals is an essential pre-condition of democratic societies. This study represents a call for action to the 47 member states of the Council of Europe, with practical and forward-looking recommendations for ways to establish effective protection for journalists to enable them to safely fulfil their vital public watchdog role.
Foreword 
Executive summary 
Authors and Acknowledgements 
Authors 
Acknowledgements 
Glossary of terms 
Abbreviations 
Introduction 
Media freedom in Europe – a worsening climate for freedom of speech 
Seeking a deeper understanding: rationale and research agenda 
Methodology 
Data collection strategy 
Biographies of the interviewees 
References 
Chapter I – Narratives of intimidation 
The general picture 
Physical violence and coercion 
Psychological pressure 
Police intimidation, legal harassment and judicial practices against journalists 
Economic interference 
Conclusion 
References 
Chapter II – A chilling effect: the consequences of a hostile environment 
A “climate of fear” 
Psychological impact of intimidation 
A personal price to pay 
Self-censorship or resistance? 
Journalism as vocation: where would we be without the fourth estate? 
References 
Chapter III – The impact of context 
Introduction 
Legal environment 
Political environment 
Economic environment: media ownership, financial pressures and precarity 
Cultural factors: the context of gender discrimination 
Conclusion 
References
Chapter IV – Resilience in the context of journalism 
Introduction 
Facilitating factors of resilience among journalists 
Mitigating the risk 
Psychological harm – coping strategies 
Motivation and identity 
Conclusion 
References 
Chapter V – Urgent and resolute responses: the way ahead 
Introduction 
Enhancing protection against violent attacks 
Ending verbal threats, insults and smear campaigns 
Addressing gender-specific and other identity-related threats 
Improving legislation 
Reporting mechanisms 
Prosecution and impunity 
Education, training and awareness raising 
Ensuring media independence 
The media’s role in securing journalists’ safety, professionalism and well-being 
Promoting and supporting investigative journalism 
Journalists at risk speak out: who will listen? 
References 
Appendices 
Appendix A: List of interviews (ordered by date) 
Appendix B: Interview guide 
Appendix C: Debriefing form

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