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PDF - Le droit à des élections libres (2014)

International Law
978-92-871-7874-9
Type of document :
Book
Format :
PDF
Language :
French
Size :
1 MB
Number of pages :
142
Yannick Lécuyer
11.50 € / 23.00 $US
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Le droit à des élections libres figure parmi les droits les plus difficiles à appréhender : principe objectif et indispensable de toute société démocratique, il est aussi un droit subjectif et fondamental invocable par tout citoyen. Droit individuel d’une part, il n’a de sens que dans le cadre d’un exercice collectif. D’autre part, ce même droit, associé au droit de vote et au droit d’éligibilité, requiert une mise en oeuvre démocratique qui mobilise en réalité beaucoup d’autres droits et libertés, que ce soit avant, pendant et après l’élection proprement dite. C’est aussi un des droits les plus valorisé au Conseil de l’Europe en ce qu’il participe à la promotion de la « démocratie véritable » qui sert de pilier à l’Organisation aux côtés de la prééminence du droit et du respect des libertés fondamentales.

L’ouvrage passe au crible les principaux textes et sources du droit du Conseil de l’Europe en la matière : conventions, résolutions, recommandations, lignes directrices sans compter l’abondante jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme.

Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux praticiens du droit, aux étudiants, mais, plus largement, à tous ceux qui s’intéressent au couple Europe et démocratie.

Table des matières
PRÉFACE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. L’internationalisation du droit à des élections libres
1.2. Les sources européennes du droit à des élections libres
       1.2.1. Le droit de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme
                1.2.1.1. L’article 3 du Protocole no 1
                1.2.1.2 Les autres dispositions conventionnelles concernées par le droit à des élections libres
      1.2.2. Les traités, conventions et accords du Conseil de l’Europe
      1.2.3. La soft law du Conseil de l’Europe
                1.2.3.1. Les sources de la soft law
                1.2.3.2. Une source d’interprétation de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme
                1.2.3.3. Les procédures de suivi
1.3. Le patrimoine électoral européen
2. LE CHAMP D’APPLICATION DU DROIT À DES ÉLECTIONS LIBRES
2.1. La portée de l’article 3 du Protocole no 1
       2.1.1. La consécration d’un droit subjectif de participation
       2.1.2. Les deux volets du droit à des élections libres
       2.1.3. La notion de corps législatif
2.2. La synergie du droit à des élections libres avec les autres droits garantis par la Convention
       2.2.1. La liberté d’expression
                 2.2.1.1. Les contours de la liberté du discours politique
                 2.2.1.2. Le contrôle des ingérences
       2.2.2. Les libertés de réunion pacifique et d’association
                 2.2.2.1. Les contours de la liberté de réunion et d’association en matière politique
                 2.2.2.2. Le contrôle des ingérences
                 2.2.2.3. L’influence prépondérante de la soft law du Conseil de l’Europe
       2.2.3. L’interdiction de la discrimination
                 2.2.3.1. L’égalité de traitement
                 2.2.3.2. L’égalité des chances
                 2.2.3.3. La protection des catégories vulnérables
3. LE RÉGIME JURIDIQUE DU DROIT À DES ÉLECTIONS LIBRES
3.1. Les caractères du suffrage
       3.1.1. L’universalité du suffrage
       3.1.2. L’égalité du suffrage
       3.1.3. La liberté du suffrage
       3.1.4. Le secret du suffrage
       3.1.5. La périodicité du suffrage
       3.1.6. Le caractère direct du suffrage
3.2. Les conditions d’exercice du suffrage
       3.2.1. L’âge
       3.2.2. La nationalité
       3.2.3. La capacité
       3.2.4. La résidence
                  3.2.4.1. Les expatriés
                  3.2.4.2. La durée de résidence
      3.2.5. Les conditions particulières pour l’éligibilité
3.3. Le choix du mode de scrutin et des règles électorales
3.4. Le contrôle des ingérences
      3.4.1. L’existence de limitations implicites
      3.4.2. Les évolutions du contrôle de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
      3.4.3. La marge nationale d’appréciation
4. LES OPÉRATIONS ÉLECTORALES
4.1. Les garanties fondamentales
      4.1.1. L’honnêteté et la sincérité du scrutin
      4.1.2. La transparence des opérations électorales
      4.1.3. La neutralité de l’État et de l’administration
      4.1.4. La stabilité du droit électoral
4.2. Le déroulement des opérations électorales
      4.2.1. Les opérations préliminaires
               4.2.1.1. Le découpage des circonscriptions électorales
               4.2.1.2. L’inscription des électeurs sur les listes électorales
               4.2.1.3. La date des élections
      4.2.2. Les opérations de vote
      4.2.3. Le comptage des voix et la proclamation des résultats
      4.2.4. Le financement de la vie politique
4.3. Le contrôle juridictionnel des opérations électorales
      4.3.1. L’inapplicabilité de l’article 6, paragraphe 1, de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme
      4.3.2. L’inapplicabilité de l’article 13 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme
4.4. L’observation et l’évaluation des élections
CONCLUSION
INDEX THÉMATIQUE
INDEX JURISPRUDENTIEL
BIBLIOGRAPHIE SÉLECTIVE

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