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IRIS Spécial - La couverture médiatique des élections: le cadre légal en Europe (2017)

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European Audiovisual Observatory
Format : Paper Papier Papier
978-92-871-8488-7
Type of document :
Book
Format :
Paper
Language :
French
Size :
A4
Number of pages :
150
Observatoire européen de l'Audiovisuel M. Cappello (éd.)
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En période d’élections et de référendums, les médias braquent leurs projecteurs sur les candidats, analysant chacun de leurs mots, déplacements et gestes. Dans notre univers numérique connecté 24h/24 et 7j/7, les médias de masse ont pour la première fois de leur histoire le pouvoir de scruter à la loupe, de commenter et d’examiner de près nos futurs leaders. Mais qui s’assure que cette couverture médiatique est équitable, professionnelle et qu’elle respecte les normes minimales d’un journalisme «décent»? Qui dicte ces règles? Après les élections françaises et deux mois avant que l’Allemagne ne se rende aux urnes, l’Observatoire européen de l’audiovisuel, qui fait partie du Conseil de l’Europe à Strasbourg, vient de publier un nouveau rapport de fond: « La couverture médiatique des élections: le cadre légal en Europe ».

Produit en collaboration avec l’Institut du droit de l’information (IViR) d’Amsterdam, ce nouveau rapport présente les principaux aspects du droit européen des médias en période de couverture électorale, avant de s’intéresser plus précisément à certains pays. Un dernier chapitre analyse les tendances ressortant de ces exemples afin de proposer des conclusions pertinentes.

1. Introduction
     1.1. Médias et élections dans certains Etats membres du Conseil de l’Europe
     1.2. Médias radiodiffusés et élections
     1.3. Médias imprimés et élections
     1.4. Médias en ligne et élections
     1.5. Conclusion
2. Droit européen en matière de médias et d’élections
     2.1. Introduction
          2.1.1. Article 3 du Protocole n° 1 à la CEDH
     2.2. Médias radiodiffusés et élections
          2.2.1. Restrictions imposées à la communication d’informations en période électorale
          2.2.2. Interviews de candidats
          2.2.3. Débats électoraux télévisés
          2.2.4. Partialité de la couverture des élections par les médias
          2.2.5. Accès à la propagande électorale
          2.2.6. Publicité politique
     2.3. Médias imprimés et élections
          2.3.1. Restrictions imposées aux médias imprimés au titre de la loi électorale
          2.3.2. Injonctions prises en période électorale contre les médias imprimés
          2.3.3. Procédures pour diffamation et non-respect de la vie privée lors d’élections
     2.4. Médias en ligne et élections
          2.4.1. Responsabilité eu égard aux allégations formulées à l’encontre de candidats
          2.4.2. Responsabilité des médias d’information en ligne pour le s commentaires de lecteurs
     2.5. Conclusion
3. Normes et politiques européennes en matière de médias et d’élections
     3.1. Introduction
     3.2. Conseil de l’Europe
          3.2.1. Recommandation (1999) concernant la couverture des campagnes électorales par les médias
          3.2.2. Recommandation (2007) concernant la couverture des campagnes électorales par les médias
          3.2.3. Résolution (2017) sur les médias en ligne et le journalisme
          3.2.4. Commission de Venise
     3.3. Plate-forme européenne des instances de régulation
     3.4. Organisation pour la sécurité et la coopération en Europe
     3.5. Conclusion
4. DE - Allemagne
5. ES - Espagne
6. FR - France
7. GB - Royaume-Uni
8. IE - Irlande
9. IT - Italie
10. NL - Pays-Bas
11. PL - Pologne
12. RU - Russie
13. Synthèse des rapports nationaux
     13.1. Introduction
     13.2. La réglementation des médias audiovisuels en période d’élections et de référendum
          13.2.1. Règles génerales en matière de couverture électorale
          13.2.2. Publicité politique
          13.2.3. Période de silence
          13.2.4. Sondages d’opinion et sondages de sortie des urnes
     13.3. La réglementation de la presse écrite en période d’élections et de référendum
          13.3.1. Période de silence
          13.3.2. Sondages d’opinion et sondages de sortie des urnes
          13.3.3. Publicité politique
          13.3.4. Diffusion de fausses informations
     13.4. La réglementation des médias en ligne en période d’élections et de référendum
          13.4.1. Période de silence
          13.4.2. Sondages d’opinion et sondages de sortie des urnes
          13.4.3. Publicité politique
          13.4.4. Communication politique électronique et protection des données
          13.4.5. Diffusion de fausses informations
14. Conclusion

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