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Forces armées et services de sécurité : quel contrôle démocratique ? (2009)

Points of view - Points of Law
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978-92-871-6535-0
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French
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Face à l'augmentation des menaces que constituent notamment le terrorisme ou la criminalité organisée internationale, les sociétés européennes ressentent un besoin croissant de sécurité, tant intérieure qu'extérieure.L'action des gouvernements dans leur lutte contre ces menaces doit être légale - mais aussi légitime - et être menée dans le respect des droits de l'homme, de la démocratie et de l'Etat de droit, principes fondamentaux du Conseil de l'Europe. La question qui se pose est de savoir qui va exercer un contrôle démocratique dans ce domaine. Quels sont les rôles des parlements, de l'exécutif, du pouvoir judiciaire et de la société civile ? Existe-t-il des entités de contrôle au niveau supranational ?Ce livre présente les différents acteurs et leurs attributions dans le domaine de la sécurité, et confirme la nécessité d'assurer un équilibre entre une conception démocratique des libertés fondamentales et les garanties de sécurité, au travers des rapports de l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe et de la Commission européenne pour la démocratie par le droit.

Partie 1
Le contrôle démocratique du secteur de la sécurité dans les Etats membres
Rapport de l'Assemblée parlementaire

Résumé

Texte adopté
Recommandation 1713 (2005) de l'Assemblée parlementaire au Comité des Ministres et réponse de celui-ci

Exposé des motifs

A. Introduction
B. Services de renseignement
C. Police démocratique
D. Gestion des frontières
E. Défense

Partie 2
Le contrôle démocratique des services de sécurité
Rapport de la Commission européenne pour la démocratie par le droit

Résumé général

I. Introduction
II. Travaux précédents du Conseil de l'Europe dans ce domaine
III. Portée de la présente étude
IV. Un contrôle démocratique (amélioré) est-il nécessaire ?
V. Contrôle
VI. Contrôle et jurisprudence de la Cour
VII. Le contrôle interne et le contrôle gouvernemental, éléments
VIII. Contrôle parlementaire
IX. Examen judiciaire et autorisation
X. Contrôle par des groupes d'experts
XI. Mécanismes de recours
XII. Remarques conclusives

Partie 3
Le contrôle démocratique des forces armées
Rapport de la Commission européenne pour la démocratie par le droit

Résumé

I. Introduction
II. Portée de l'étude
III. La nécessité du contrôle démocratique des forces armées
VI. Conclusions

Annexes
Annexe A : Aperçu des législations nationales désignant l'autorité pouvant décider d'envoyer des troupes à l'étranger pour participer à des missions internationales
Annexe B : Aperçu des règles constitutionnelles de nomination du haut commandement dans un certain nombre d'Etats membres du Conseil de l'Europe
Annexe C : Aperçu des droits politiques et civils des membres du personnel des forces armées: quelques exemples

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